Part 29 (2/2)

Practically no ti material therefore must be imported Pine is purchased from Russia, Scandinavia, and the United States Stone is purchased wherever it ht, or as ballast The coast fisheries yield oysters, herrings, and ”anchovies,” which are not anchovies, but sprats

For want of coal and iron there are few arden and dairy products are about the only export articles There is an abundance of clay, and of this brick for road- purposes, and porcelains are ar is refined; n refiners, and the United States is one of the chief custoreat commercial country, and forhas been found in ale port of the world Much of the coar, and coffee plantations of the Dutch East Indies

A very large part of the commerce, however, is neither import or export trade, but a ”transit” coreat ocean tank-steamers to smaller tank-boats, and is then carried across the state into Gerh the numerous canals

This trade applies also to many of the products of the Gerht tariff, such as coal, ores, etc It reaches the Rhine and Rhone river-basins and extends even to the Danube

Both Switzerland and Austria-Hungary send h Holland All trade at the various ports and through the canals is free, it being the policy to encourage and not to obstruct commerce

_Areat financial and banking centres of Europe The completion of the Nord Holland canal est stea is one of the unique industries of the city Since the discovery of the African ely absorbed by London

More than half the carrying trade of the state centres at _Rotterdam_

By the improvement of the river estuaries and canals this city has becooods handled at the docks is enor) and the _Hook_ are railway terned to London _Delft_ is famous the world over for the beautiful porcelain made at its potteries

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

How has the topography of each of these states affected its commerce?

How is their commerce affected by latitude and cliar-beet affected the cane-sugar industry in the British West Indies?

Fro exports and imports of each country

From the Abstract of Statistics find the trade of the United States with each of these countries

FOR COLLATERAL READING AND REFERENCE

Adams's New Empire--pp 153-159

Gibbins's History of Commerce--Book III, Chapters I and VIII

CHAPTER XXVII

EUROPE--THE MEDITERRANEAN STATES AND SWITZERLAND

The Mediterranean states are peopled mainly by races whose social and econoely by the Roman occupation of the Mediterranean basin for a period of more than one thousand years The occupations of the people have been shaped to a great extent by the slope of the land and by theisolated them from the Germanic peoples north of the Alps

=France=--The position of France with respect to industrial development is fortunate The North Sea coast faces the ports of Great Britain; the Atlantic ports are easily accessible to American centres of coe part of the trade of that sea