Part 7 (1/2)

The e should take a post graduate course in some institution where encies known to science There reat need will doubtless bring the establishment of many

The men who have lost faith in their own machinery should be told that no company can survive the effects of weak-kneed advocates

Any coressive competition Any company can stand more or less opposition from its friends the ene effects of the men who have lost this confidence in theraduate course for restoration of the near-wise man should include educational means of all kinds The means should be especially adapted to the need of each student or patient

There ht and all day This machine should repeat over and over a few short sentences like the following:

”The only perfect machine is the one you do not know”

”Study the et the sae of the 'other' --but just to restore your confidence in the relative value of your own et back your belief that your own one forever--only look at the other machines and learn that your own is the best”

This kind of confidence will not be exuberant, but it will have ray world in which you are to again try your strength

Specialization

We find that in keeping with the trend toward specialization, the machine shop is now manned and directed by specialists, whose close application to the technical science of their respective specialties has in a degree obscured other ele these we generally find the so-called human element This feature of specialization, which is the natural result of concentration and undivided attention to the work in hand, has entailed a string of consequences that has lessened the spirit of fellowshi+p and co-operation

The workman in the old machine shop was known as a machinist, an apprentice or a helper The e, and in the operation of the lathe and planer It also required a general knowledge and resourcefulness which enabled the e specialized shop of today was not known

Today the rown out of the original types Each shop's equipment is selected to serve the needs of that shop, and since each shop has a special purpose, its equipe of h the e numbers of pieces of a kind, and each machine, as well as each worker, is kept at one kind of work and usually at one simple operation

The worker in the er known as a e of positions Even the terer satisfactory

Specialization has made somen for special branches, so that today we have relatively few ine lathe and planer Even if there are those who ever had that ability, h disuse

The workers are now designated bytheir special work

The all-e terning, accounting, production, floork control, cost accounting and many other divisions Each calls for executives and workers having special titles

The subdivision of work has resulted in each executive and worker acquiring a high degree of ability and skill for work of his kind, and it keeps each one doing the highest class of work for which he is qualified so that his time is not wasted in the simpler operations which can be performed by ain that accrues when the worker becoreater skill acquired as a result of fewer operations to perforhly developed special reater value for a given expenditure of effort

We can also see the gain that results from specialization by the executives, for each one's attention is concentrated to the ethe fact that to some extent there should be a division between mental and physical tasks It is needless to say that no one in these days would suggest even a possibility of a general division of the work along the line between the abilities of the brain and hand and in these days of construction and operation of intricate mechanisms like electric and telephone instruments and machinery, aeroplane, automobiles, railroad machinery, machine shop machinery, army and navy machinery, fro machines like the battleshi+p The need of the man in whom is combined the ability of brain and hand transcends any possibility of ourthe demand But specialization does require both kinds of division The one that divides along the line between reat opportunities for those men who have special ability at either the reatest achievements have been attained by those who have been unable to coreat mental and physical ability Such men by nature and preference are most fitted and reater proportion of use for either the brains or fingers

Every student of this subject early recognizes that the man at the physical task should not be unnecessarily distracted by the vexing proble the work In some way this does not seem to fit a democracy, but rather seems to lead toward autocracy However, let us keep in mind that specialization is essential, not only at each physical task, but at the tasks at which there may be expended a combination of the mental and physical, and also at those tasks that are wholly et the best results froanization While it roup the determination of thethe work, the fact remains that this is an element of specialization That which seems so objectionable to a man with an alert mind, is not so objectionable when he realizes that iven a chance to work out tasks unembarrassed by probleedies of industrial life, when square pegs have been put in round holes, it is one of the ineer has to consider

The human vieill rading tasks, by changing machinery and processes so as to fit the various types of h it all, we must see to it, that our scheme of work is true to the fundanize that there must be some division between the physical and mental tasks, and that this does not necessarily lead away fronize there are two extrehly specialized organization in which the greatest value in quality of work and quantity of output is possible through a complete co-ordination of the work of all types of men, each at his own kind of work, in which each can excel; and the other extreanization which returns us to the priies were most inefficiently used Such a state is the natural result of anarchy, and it is a state that would leave this or any other country an easy prey to a country in which specialization existed

Onecapacity, and the other a state in which the struggle for mere existence would be severe

The salvation of the world will be worked out if there is at least one well disposed nation that stands firanizations This will result in both industrial and military supremacy--for it is noell known that hest types ofshops