C2924 The French parliamentary system (1/2)

The parliamentary system was actually a very old and ancient mode of discussion in the history of mankind. From the time of the ancient Greece, there had been an elementary form of parliament, and the senate of the Ancient Rome was also a kind of political system with a parliamentary character.

The council, the council! It is an effective way to fight dictatorship in the history of mankind to determine the direction of policy through argument and debate.

After all, a person's IQ and energy were limited. Furthermore, a dictator would only consider their own interests in many situations. This would conflict with the interests of many people.

In order to avoid such a drawback, mankind chose the business of the world, using collective wisdom to make up for the shortcomings of the individual, and using the strength of the group to resist the shortcoming of dictatorship.

Parliament is a political tool that reflects democracy. It is not a political system. There is a parliament under the constitutional monarchy in England, a parliament in the United States, and a parliament in the French Republic. Even in the two empires in the Bonaparte Family, there was a brief appearance of a council.

Even the Tsar Russia, who was famous for her dictatorship, had the aristocratic Duma system. In fact, it could also be considered a variant of the parliamentary system.

It could be said that the parliamentary system was accompanied by the entire human civilization. Apart from the abolition of the feudal dictatorship in the Middle Ages, all other countries in the history of the human race had parliamentary systems that dealt with the common affairs of the country.

However, in the nineteenth century, the country with the most influence in the parliamentary system was only the France.

The origins began during the Revolution. The vigorous development of the bourgeoisie, the oppression of the feudal emperors and corrupt priests, finally erupted into a world shocking revolution.

The first idea of human rights began to spread through France!

Seeing the king's head rolling in the mud, all the French people knew that the era of dictatorship was over.

Even the divine right could not suppress the idea of awakening the people. During the Great Revolution, there was a period of violence in France where the priests were massacred.

The awakening of the civil rights naturally greatly restrained the appearance of the dictator, and the most effective system to embody the civil rights at that time was the council.

France was divided into more than five hundred constituencies, each with two constituencies. One had to know that the French provinces were completely different from the Chinese provinces. The area and population of the provinces were much smaller.

The actual area of a province could sometimes be equivalent to two or three counties!

The members of each constituency were elected to the National Assembly, also known as the House of Representatives, which was the supreme authority in France during the Republic period. They had the right to veto bills, amend laws, and impeach national leaders.

But the rights of the House of Representatives also need to be restricted, and governing the country requires a lot of professional knowledge and experience, and the House of Representatives is elected by local universal suffrage.

This is problematic. Local universal suffrage sometimes selects moral role models or locally prestigious people, but such people are not necessarily the best professional people in governance.

So in order to balance power, there was still a need for fewer Senate outside the House of Representatives. Although the authority of the Senate was lower than that of the House of Representatives, most of the time it was the Senate who proposed the bills, because the politicians here were more professional.

To put it simply, the House of Representatives was a popular vote for members, and uneducated farmers could vote for members from their constituencies.

On the other hand, Senate was a representative elected by the political parties. In other words, a politician was elected by the people, so the elected politicians would definitely be more professional and have a greater reputation.

Right now, Thiers was desperately trying to save the most powerful representative of the Senate!

Since the Council was elected by all the people of France, they naturally became the most prestigious body besides the Emperor.