Part 32 (1/2)

SIZING--The everyday tests as to hardness of sizing answer every ordinary purpose: Moisten with the tongue, and if the paper is slack-sized you can detect it often by the instant drawing or absorption of the er it reh the spot da the hly sized no difference will be apparent between the spot dampened and the balance of the sheet When there is a question as to whether a paper is tub or engine sized, it can be usually decided by wetting the forefinger and thulue which is applied to the surface will perceptibly cling to the fingers

TO TEST THE INK RESISTING QUALITY OF PAPER-- Draw a heavy ink line across the sheet If the paper is poorly sized, a feathery edge will appear, caused by spreading of the ink Slack-sized paper will be penetrated by the ink, which will plainly appear on the reverse side of the sheet

TO DETERMINE THE DIRECTION OF THE GRAIN-- An easy but sure test to deterrain in a sheet of paper, which will be found useful and worth re, is as follows:

For instance, the size of sheet is 17x22 inches

Cut out a circular piece as nearly round as the eye can judge; before entirely detaching from the sheet, mark on the circle the 17-inch way and the 22-inch way; then float the cut out piece on water for a few seconds; then place on the pales stick to the hand, and the paper will curl until it forrain of the paper runs the opposite way from which the paper curls

ABSORBING POWERS OF BLOTTING PAPER--Co can bethe pointed corner of a sheet to touch the surface of a drop of ink Repeat with each sheet to be tested, and coht in each to which the ink has been absorbed A well- paper should have little or no free fibre dust to fill with ink and smear the paper

TEST FOR GROUND WOOD--Make a streak across the paper with a solution of aniline sulphate or with concentrated nitric acid; the first will turn ground wood yellow, the second will turn it brown I give aniline sulphate the preference, as nitric acid acts upon unbleached sulphite, if present in the paper, the sa it brown

Phloroglucin gives a rose-red stain on paper containing (sulphite) wood pulp, after the specimen has been previously treated with a weak solution of hydrochloric acid

About the end of the eighteenth century it became necessary to make special papers denominated ”safety paper” Their h ely because of the employment of mechanical devices which seek to safety monetary instruments Such safety papers are of several kinds

1 Paperland water mark, to imitate which is a felony Or the paper of the United States currency, which has silk fibers united with the pulp, the imitation of which is a felony

2 Paper made with layers or e of written or printed contents, so as to prevent fraudulent ta

3 Paperby photographic means

A number of processes ed with a stain easily affected by chlorine, acids, or alkalis, and is made into sheets as usual

Waterthe meshes of the wire cloth on which the paper is made

Threads embodied in the web of the paper

Colored threads systeland for post-office envelopes and exchequer bills

Silken fibers mixed with the pulp or dusted upon it in process of forere, 1817, treated the pulp of the paper, previous to sizing, with a solution of prussiate of potash

Sir Win Congreve, 1819, prepared a colored layer of pulp in co upon one sheet and covering it with an outer layer, either plain or water-marked

Glynn and Appel, 1821, mixed a copper salt in the pulp and afterward added an alkali or alkaline salt to produce a copious precipitate The pulp was then washed and made into paper and thereafter dipped in a saponaceous compound

Stevenson, 1837, incorporated into paper a anese, and a neutral co ta of a white sheet or surface on one or both sides of a colored sheet

Stones, 1851 An iodide or bromide in connection with ferrocyanide of potassium and starch coh and irregular surface produced by the fracture of cast iron or other brittlean iutta- percha, etc, and afterward transferring it to the wire cloth on which the paper is made