Part 20 (2/2)

CHAPTER XXI

ANCIENT AND MODERN INK RECEIPTS

”INDIAN” INK--SPANISH LICORICE--BITUMEN--CARBON FROM PETROLEUM--PROCESS TO OBTAIN GALLIC ACID--EFFECT OF SUGAR IN INK--DARK COLORED GALLS BEST FOR INK MAKING--SUBStitUTES FOR GALLS--RELATIVE PROPORTIONS OF IRON AND GALLS--ANECDOTE OF PROFESSOR TRIALL-- ESTIMATION OF SULPHATE OF COPPER--QUAINT INK RECIPE--RIBAUCOURT'S INK--HORSELEY'S INK-- ELSNER'S INDELIBLE MARKING INK--BLACK INK FOR COMMON AND COPYING USES--COMMON BLACK INK--shi+NING BLACK INK--PROCESS FOR ”BEST”

INK--INDELIBLE BLACK INK WITHOUT GALLS OR IRON--INK POWDER--STEEL PEN INK--SOME EARLY LITERATURE OF THE COAL TAR PRODUCTS--INK PLANT OF NEW GRANADA--”IMPERISHABLE” INK--FIRE- PROOF INK--”INERADICABLE” INK--EXCHEQUER INK--”PERMANENT” RED INK--SUBStitUTE FOR ”INDIAN”

INK--TO PREVENT INK FREEZING--BACTERIA IN INK--GOLD AND OTHER INKS USED FOR ILLUMlNATING

INNUMERABLE receipts and directions forinks of every kind, color and quality are to be found distributed in books more or less devoted to such subjects, in the encyclopaedias, chemistries, and other scientific publications If assees Those cited are exe to different nations, epochs, and the diversity of materials They can also be considered as object lessons which conclusively de in respect to the constitution and modes of ink admixture

Many of them are curious and are reproduced without any aht hither fro rubbed ater, dissolves; and for ink; but of a consistence extre with a pencil-brush, on which account it is not only ; but is the black now generally s in chiaro obscuro (or where the effect is to be produced froht and shade only)

”The preparation of Indian ink, as well as of the other compositions used by the Chinese as paints, is not hitherto revealed on any good authority; but it appears clearly froetable substance, lass size, or other size; andA substance, therefore, much of the same nature, and applicable to the sa lass six ounces, reduce it to a size, by dissolving it over the fire in double its weight of water Take then of Spanish liquorice one ounce; and dissolve it also in double its weight of water; and grind up with it an ounce of ivory black Add this ether till all the ingredients be thoroughly incorporated Then evaporate away the water in baleno reased; or make it up in any other forood with that of the Indian ink: the isinglass size, mixt with the colours, works with the pencil equally ith the Indian ink; and the Spanish liquorice will both render it easily dissolvable on the rubbing ater, to which the isinglass alone is so off froround on which it is laid”

There is found in small currents near the Baltick Sea, in the Dutchy of Prussia a certain coagulated bitumen, which, because it seems to be a juice of the earth is called succinum; and carabe, because it will attract straws; it is likewise called electruarly yellow a soft and viscous, several little animals, such as flies, and ants, do stick to it, and are buried in it

”Amber is of different colours, such as white, yellow and black

”The white is held in greatest esteeainst anything, it is odoriferous, and it yields more volatile salt than the rest The yellow, is transparent and pleasant to the eye, wherefore beads, necklaces, and other little conceits are made of it It is also esteemed medicinal, and it yieldeth much oil

”The black is of least use of all (So ink)

”Some do think that petroleum, or Oil of Peter, is a liquor drawn from amber, by the means of subterrenean fires, which make a distillation of it, and that jet, and coals are the remainders of this distillation

”This opinion would have probability enough in it, if the places, froues does come, were not so far asunder the one from the other; f or petroleum is not commonly found but in Italy, in Sicily, and Provence This oil distils through the clefts of rocks, and it is very likely to be the oil of some bitumen, which the subterranean fires have raised”

There are various processes for obtaining gallic acid, one of which is to alls and expose therees Fahr; by which a ested in boiling water, which after evaporation yields the acid, and reen copperas, makes the, ink A quicker process, however, is to put the bruised galls into a cylindrical copper of a depth equal to its dia care to replace the water lost by evaporation The decoction to be emptied into a tub, allowed to settle, and the clear liquid being drawn off, the lees are ereen copperas must be separately dissolved in water, and then alls A precipitate is then formed in the state of a fine black powder, the subsidence of which is prevented by the addition of the gum, which, separately dissolved in a small quantity of hot water, combines with the clear black liquid Besides its effect in keeping the fine insoluble particles in suspension, the gue i too , and also acts beneficially by for a sort of compact varnish in it, which tends to preserve its colour, and shi+eld it froe is used, the ink flows badly from quill pens, and still more so from steel pens, which require a very liar increases the fluidity of ink, and perum to be increased over what it would bear without it; but, on the other hand, it causes it to dry ar, when it acts injuriously on the pens The dark- coloured galls, known as the blue Aleppo ones, are said by Ribaucourt, and others who have givento be the best for that purpose, and they are generally used by the best alls generally, suwood, and even oak bark are too frequently substituted in the manufacture of inks, but it need scarcely be said always injuriously Ink iven above is much more rich and powerful than many of those commonly made To reduce it to their standard one half allons of tolerable ink ht of wood adreen copperas that galls will take, to bring out the maxiradually darkens in consequence of the peroxidation of the iron in it on exposure to the air, but it affords athen finer, penetrate the paper more intimately, and on its oxidation is mordanted into it It is advisable so soon as the ink has acquired a moderately deep tint, to draw it off clear into bottles and cork the to theinks, it appears that the proportion of the green copperas ought to be, and not to exceed, a third of the decoction of galls used; but the proportions used vary according to the practical experience of ink-makers, who have all receipts of their ohich they deem best, and, of course, keep secret In the precipitate an excess of colouring matter, which is necessary for its durability, is preserved in it The blue galls alone ought to be ewood is a useful

ingredient, because its colouring matter unites with the sulphate of iron and renders it not only of a very dark colour, but also less capable of change from the action of acids or of the atmosphere

Many atteood perood story is told of Professor Traill He had succeeded, after a long series of experi an ink which he deemed to be in all respects A 1, and which resisted the action of all acids and alkalies alike The pleased savant sent saave general satisfaction; but, alas, an experihtlessly or otherwise, applied a sie completely washed off his 'indelible,' and thereby finished his career as an amateur ink-maker!”

”Nicholson, in his Dictionary of Chemistry, an old but valuable work, says that Ribaucourt found vitriol of copper, in a certain proportion, to give depth and firmness to the colour of black ink; but, fro the coredients-- probably because it acts injuriously on steel pens”

”A quart of rain Wate 3 Ounces of Blue Knolly Gawalls Bruise ym it must stand & be stirred 3 or 4 tiawells all ten Days and 2 Ounces of Clear Gummary Beck & 1/2 an Ounce of Coperous 1/2 an Ounce of Rock Aluness of a Hoarsel nut of Roman Vitterall Bray ym all small Before they be put in it must be stirred very well for ye space of teeks

”A receit forink--1727