Part 29 (2/2)

This consisted of a medal, which I kept, and a sum of 40,000, which I turned over as a foundation of industrial peace to a board of trustees which included Oscar Straus, Seth Low and John Mitchell In the present state of the world's development industrial peace is evenand appropriate to devote the peace prize to such a purpose In 1910, while in Europe, one of my most pleasant experiences was my visit to Norhere I addressed the nobel Committee, and set forth in full the principles upon which I had acted, not only in this particular case but throughout ift which I deeply appreciated, an original copy of Sully's ”Me inscription (I translate it roughly):

PARIS, January, 1906

”The undersigned members of the French Parliamentary Group of International Arbitration and Conciliation have decided to tender President Roosevelt a token of their high esteenition of the persistent and decisive initiative he has taken towards gradually substituting friendly and judicial for violent methods in case of conflict between Nations

”They believe that the action of President Roosevelt, which has realized the enerous hopes to be found in history, should be classed as a continuance of similar illustrious attempts of former times, notably the project for international concord known under the nan of Henry IV' in the memoirs of his Priht out a copy of the first edition of theseit to hi his fanatures include those of Emile Loubet, A Carnot, d'Estournelles de Constant, Aristide Briand, Sully Prudhomme, Jean Jaures, A

Fallieres, R Poincare, and two or three hundred others

Of course what I had done in connection with the Portsood and sincere people Just as after the settlement of the coal strike, there were persons who thereupon thought that it was in my power, and was my duty, to settle all other strikes, so after the peace of Portsmouth there were other persons--not only Aht it my duty forthwith to make myself a kind of international Meddlesome Mattie and interfere for peace and justice prohtful non-sequitur, ju about a beneficent and necessary peace Iever necessary A couple of days after peace was concluded I wrote to a friend: ”Don't you bewell of h As Loeb remarked to me to-day, some tiand, and then all the well- idiots will turn and shriek that this is inconsistent hat I did at the Peace Conference, whereas in reality it will be exactly in line with it”

To one of ratulatingthat the time was opportune for aforth viehich I thought sound then, and think sound now The letter ran as follows:

OYSTER BAY, N Y, September 8, 1905

My dear Mr Schurz: I thank you for your congratulations As to what you say about disarradual diminution of the oppressive burdens imposed upon the world by armed peace”--I aht to be done If I had been known as one of the conventional type of peace advocates I could have done nothing whatever in bringing about peace noould be powerless in the future to acco, and I would not have been able to help confer the boons upon Cuba, the Philippines, Porto Rico and Panaht about by our action therein

If the japanese had not ar the last twenty years, this would indeed be a sorrowful century for japan If this country had not fought the Spanish War; if we had failed to take the action we did about Panama; all mankind would have been the loser While the Turks were butchering the Armenians the European powers kept the peace and thereby added a burden of infareater number of lives were lost than in any European war since the days of Napoleon, and these lives were those of woradation, the brutality inflicted and endured, the aggregate of hideous wrong done, surpassed that of any war of which we have record in et it firmly fixed in their hteousness, and that it can only be considered as an end when it also coincides with righteousness, we can do only a li on this earth There is of course no analogy at present between international law and private or municipal law, because there is no sanction of force for the former, while there is for the latter

Inside our own nation the law-abiding ainst the lawless simply because there is some aruard, the regulars--which can be called out to enforce the laws At present there is no similar international force to call on, and I do not as yet see how it could at present be created Hitherto peace has often co and on the whole just power has by armed force, or the threat of ar French book the other day I was reading how the Mediterranean was freed froland's naval force The hopeless and hideous bloodshed and wickedness of Algiers and Turkestan was stopped, and could only be stopped, when civilized nations in the shape of Russia and France took possession of them The saypt, with regard to England

Peace has come only as the sequel to the armed interference of a civilized pohich, relatively to its opponent, was a just and beneficent power If England had disar unable to conquer the Sudan and protect Egypt, so that the Mahdists had established their supremacy in northeastern Africa, the result would have been a horrible and bloody calarowth of the European powers in military efficiency that freed eastern Europe froe of the Tartar and partially freed it froe of the Turk Unjust war is dreadful; a just war hest duty To have the best nations, the free and civilized nations, disarreat military force, would be a calamity compared to which the calamities caused by all the wars of the nineteenth century would be trivial Yet it is not easy to see hoe can by international agreement state exactly which power ceases to be free and civilized and which comes near the line of barbarism or despotiset Russia and japan to coreement on this point; and there are at least soovernether

This does not in the least mean that it is hopeless to make the effort

It may be that some scheme will be developed America, fortunately, can cordially assist in such an effort, for no one in his senses would suggest our disarh we should continue to perfect our small navy and our minute army, I do not think it necessary to increase the nus look now--nor the number of our soldiers Of course our navy hest point of efficiency, and the replacing of old and worthless vessels by first-class new ones h to interfere with our action along the lines you have suggested

But before I would kno to advocate such action, save in soue Tribunal, I would have to have a feasible and rational plan of action presented

It seeeneral stop in the increase of the war navies of the world _; but I would not like to speak too positively offhand Of course it is only in continental Europe that the arards the by the way such auseful can be done unless with the clear recognition that we object to putting peace second to righteousness

Sincerely yours, THEODORE ROOSEVELT

HON CARL SCHURZ, Bolton Landing, Lake George, N Y

In ment the e of the battle fleet round the world I had become convinced that for many reasons it was essential that we should have it clearly understood, by our own people especially, but also by other peoples, that the Pacific was as much our home waters as the Atlantic, and that our fleet could and would at will pass froreat oceans It seereatly benefit the navy itself; would arouse popular interest in and enthusiasn nations accept as a athered in the Pacific, just as froathered in the Atlantic, and that its presence in one ocean was no more to be accepted as a mark of hostility to any Asiatic power than its presence in the Atlantic was to be accepted as a mark of hostility to any European power I deter the Cabinet, precisely as I took Panahts, and in a crisis the duty of a leader is to lead and not to take refuge behind the generally timid wisdom of a multitude of councillors

At that tilish nor the Gerreat battleshi+ps round the world They did not believe that their own fleets could perform the feat, and still less did they believe that the American fleet could I made up my mind that it was time to have a shon in the matter; because if it was really true that our fleet could not get from the Atlantic to the Pacific, it was much better to know it and be able to shape our policy in view of the knowledge Many persons publicly and privately protested against the round that japan would accept it as a threat To this I answered nothing in public In private I said that I did not believe japan would so regard it because japan knew my sincere friendshi+p and admiration for her and realized that we could not as a Nation have any intention of attacking her; and that if there were any such feeling on the part of japan as was alleged that very fact rendered it i of 1910 I was in Europe I was interested to find that high naval authorities in both Germany and Italy had expected that ould coe They asked me if I had not been afraid of it, and if I had not expected that hostilities would begin at least by the tiellan? I answered that I did not expect it; that I believed that japan would feel as friendly in the matter as we did; but that if my expectations had provedto be attacked anyhow, and that in such event it would have been an enorain to have had the three months' preliminary preparation which enabled the fleet to start perfectly equipped In a personal interview before they left I had explained to the officers in command that I believed the trip would be one of absolute peace, but that they were to take exactly the saainst sudden attack of any kind as if ere at ith all the nations of the earth; and that no excuse of any kind would be accepted if there were a sudden attack of any kind and ere taken unawares

My prime purpose was to impress the American people; and this purpose was fully achieved The cruise didabout e have done does not in nations at all, except unfavorably, but positive achievement does; and the two An peoples during the first dozen years of this century were the digging of the Panama Canal and the cruise of the battle fleet round the world But the ireater consequence No single thing in the history of the new United States Navy has done as much to stimulate popular interest and belief in it as the world cruise This effect was forecast in a well-inforlish periodical, the London _Spectator_ Writing in October, 1907, a month before the fleet sailed from Hampton Roads, the _Spectator said_:

”All over America the people will follow theof the intricate details of the coaling and commissariat work under warlike conditions; and in a word their attention will be aroused Next time Mr Roosevelt or his representatives appeal to the country for new battleshi+ps they will do so to people whose minds have been influenced one way or the other The naval programme will not have stood still We are sure that, apart fro fleet, this is the aim which Mr Roosevelt has in mind He has a policy which projects itself far into the future, but it is an entireof it to suppose that it is aile Power”

I first directed the fleet, of sixteen battleshi+ps, to go round through the Straits of Magellan to San Francisco From thence I ordered them to New Zealand and Australia, then to the Philippines, China and japan, and hoh Suez--they stopped in the Mediterranean to help the sufferers from the earthquake at Messina, by the way, and did this work as effectively as they had done all their other work Admiral Evans commanded the fleet to San Francisco; there Adht and Schroeder rendered distinguished service under Evans and Sperry The coaling and other preparations were made in such excellent shape by the Department that there was never a hitch, not soevery appointment made

All the repairs wereout of colu at speed until she regained her position Not a shi+p was left in any port; and there was hardly a desertion As soon as it was known that the voyage was to be undertaken men crowded to enlist, just as freely from the Mississippi Valley as from the seaboard, and for the first time since the Spanish War the shi+ps put to sea overmanned--and by as stalwart a set of a and with such a sense of responsibility that in all the ports in which they landed their conduct was exee, both with the guns and in battle tactics, and ca instrument than when it started sixteen months before

The best men of command rank in our own service were confident that the fleet would go round in safety, in spite of the incredulity of foreign critics Even they, however, did not believe that it ise to send the torpedo craft around I accordingly acquiesced in their views, as it did not occur to me to consult the lieutenants But shortly before the fleet started, I went in the Governet practice off Provincetown I was accoe of a couple of naval lieutenants, thorough gamecocks; and I had the two lieutenants aboard to dine one evening

Towards the end of the dinner they could not refrain fro shi+ps I told them no, that the admirals and captains did not believe that the torpedo boats could stand it, and believed that the officers and crews aboard the cockle shells would be worn out by the constant pitching and bouncing and the everlasting need to er assurance that the boats could stand it They assured o than were the officers,that on one of their boats the terms of enlist to see whether or not to reenlist, as they did not care to do so unless the boats were to go on the cruise I answered that I was only too glad to accept the word of the o; and within half an hour I sent out the order for the flotilla to be got ready It went round in fine shape, not a boat being laid up I felt that the feat reflected even ation of the big shi+ps, and I wrote the flotilla co letter: