Part 14 (2/2)

[Illustration: Figure 49--Anvil, Showing Horn, Tail, Hardie Hole and Spud Hole]

_Tongs_, with handles about one foot long and jaws suitable for holding the work, are used To secure a firrip on the work, the jaws may be heated red hot and ha a properly forth

The _set hammer_ is a hammer, one end of whose head is square and flat, and froe face is about 1-1/4 inches square

The _flatter_ is a ha one face of its head flat and about 2-1/2 inches square

_Swages_ are ha rounds, squares, hexagons, ovals, tapers, etc

_Fullers_ are ha in one direction

They are used for spreading metal in one direction only

The _hardy_ is a form of chisel with a short, square shank whichoff hot bars

_Operations_--Blacks with the various ha is done over the square corners of the anvil if square cornered bends are desired, or over the horn of the anvil if rounding bends, eyes, hooks, etc, are wanted

To bend a ring or eye in the end of a bar, first figure the length of stock needed bythe diaood full red at a point this distance back frole (square) at this point Next, heat the iron from the bend justthe part that was bent square over the horn of the anvil and bending the extre the piece farther and farther over the horn of the anvil, bending it as you go Do not hammer directly over the horn of the anvil, but on the side where you are doing the bending

To make the outside of a bend square, sharp and full, rather than slightly rounding, the bent piece ewise on the face of the anvil

That is, afterthe bend over the corner of the anvil, lay the piece on top of the anvil so that its edge and not the flat side rests on the anvil top With the work in this position, strike directly against the corner with the ha of the work, then the other, and always directly on the corner of the piece This operation cannot be perfors over the anvil's corner

To make a shoulder on a rod or bar, heat the work and lay flat across the top of the anvil with the point at which the shoulder is desired at the edge of the anvil Then place the set hae of the set ha in this position keep the work turning continually

To draw stockA piece to be drawn out is usually laid across the horn of the anvil while being struck with the hammer Thespread in every direction, as it would be if laid on the anvil face To draw the work, heat it to as high a te The fullerthe work over the horn of the anvil

When drawing round stock, it should be first drawn out square, and when al stock, the sa reater in thickness or width, or both shorter and thicker To upset short pieces, heat to a bright red at the place to be upset, then stand on end on the anvil face and haer pieces ht on a heavy piece ofon the floor or that is sunk into the floor While standing on this heavy piece thedown on the end with a heavy ha, it should be straightened by haht blows affect the , but heavy blows tend to swell therivets that should fill the holes, heavy blows should be struck, but to shape the end of a rivet or to ht blows should be used

The part of the piece that is heated hto a size a little smaller than the hole to be punched The end of the punch must be square across and never pointed or rounded

First drive the punch part way through from one side and then turn the work over When you turn it over, notice where the bulge appears and in that way locate the hole and drive the punch through from the second side This makes a cleaner and h from one side When the punch is driven in froh should be laid over the spud hole in the tail of the anvil and the piece driven out of the work

Work when hot is larger than it will be after cooling Thisparts or trouble will result A two-foot bar of steel will be 1/4 inch longer when red hot than when cold

The te colors:

Dullest red seen in the dark 878 Dullest red seen in daylight 887 Dull red 1100 Full red 1370 Light red 1550 Orange 1650 Light orange 1725 Yellow 1825 Light yellow 1950