Part 18 (1/2)

11 _Of Comparison_; as, More, most, better, best, worse, worst, less, least, very, alue contains but a se Many adverbs are formed by a combination of prepositions with the adverbs of place, _here, there, where_; as, Hereof, thereof, whereof; hereto, thereto, whereto; hereby, thereby, whereby; herewith, therewith, ith; herein, therein, wherein; therefore, (ie there-for,) wherefore, (ie where-for,) hereupon, hereon, thereupon, thereon, whereupon, whereon, &c

2 Some adverbs are composed of nouns or verbs and the letter _a_, used instead of _at, an_, &c; as, Aside, athirst, afoot, asleep, aboard, ashore, abed, aground, afloat, adrift, aghast, ago, askance, away, asunder, astray, &c

You will now please to read this lecture _four_ times over, and read slowly and carefully, for unless you understand well the nature and character of this part of speech, you will be frequently at a loss to distinguish it from others in composition Now do you notice, that, in this sentence which you have just read, the words _slowly, carefully, well_, and _frequently_, are adverbs? And do you again observe, that, in the question I have just put to you, the words _now_ and _just_ are adverbs? Exercise a little sober thought Fifteen minutes spent in reflection, are worth whole days occupied in careless reading

In the following exercises six parts of speech are presented, namely, Nouns, Verbs, Articles, Adjectives, Participles, and Adverbs; and I believe you are now prepared to parse thereeably to the systematic order, _four_ times over Those words in _italics_ are adverbs

SYSTEMATIC ORDER OF PARSING

_The order of parsing an_ ADVERB, is--an adverb, and why?--what sort?--what does it qualify?--RULE

”My friend has returned _again_; but his health is _not very_ good”

_Again_, is an adverb, a word used to modify the sense of a verb--of time indefinite, it expresses a period of time not precisely defined--it qualifies the verb ”has returned,” according to

Rule 29 _Adverbs qualify verbs, participles, adjectives, and other adverbs_

_Not_ is an adverb, a word used to ation, it es the proposition froative--and it qualifies the adverb ”very,” agreeably to Rule 29 _Adverbs qualify verbs, &c_

_Very_ is an adverb, a word used to qualify the sense of an adjective--of coood,” and qualifies it according to Rule 29 _Adverbs qualify adjectives, &c_

EXERCISES IN PARSING

The traveller described a lofty castle decaying _gradually Very_ few literary reat Milton excels _not_ Homer The Roman women, _once voluntarily_ contributed their _most_ precious jewels to save the city

Many se rivers The river Funza falling _perpendicularly_ forms a vast cataract Attentive servants _always_ drive horses _very carefully_; negligent servants _often_ drive horses _very carelessly_ assiduous scholars improve _very fast_; idle scholars learn _none at all_ Friendshi+p _often_ ends in love; but love in friendshi+p, _never_

NOTE Several adverbs frequently qualify one verb Have you walked? _Not yet quite far enough, perhaps Not, yet, far_, and _enough_, qualify ”have walked” understood; _perhaps_ qualifies _not_; and _quite_ qualifies _far_ The adverbs _always_ and _carefully_ both qualify the verb ”drive:” the former expresses _time_, and the latter, _manner

Once_ and _voluntarily_ qualify the verb ”contributed;” the former expresses _number_, and the latter, _manner_ The word _their_ you need not parse The active verb _to save_ has no no _in_, are in the objective case, and governed by that preposition

REMARKS ON ADVERBS

When the words _therefore, consequently, accordingly_, and the like, are used in connexion with other conjunctions, they are _adverbs_; but when they appear single, they are commonly considered _conjunctions_

The words _when_ and _where_, and all others of the same nature, such as _whence, whither, whenever, wherever, till, until, before, otherwise, while, wherefore_, &c may be properly called _adverbial conjunctions_, because they participate the nature both of adverbs and conjunctions; of adverbs, as they denote the attributes either of _time_ or _place_; of conjunctions, as they _conjoin sentences_

There are many words that are sometimes used as adjectives, and, sometimes as adverbs; as, ”_More_ ent than he” In the former sentence _more_ is evidently an adjective, for it is joined to a noun to qualify it; in the latter it is an adverb, because it qualifies an adjective There are others that are sometimes used as nouns, and soer than _yesterday's_” In this example, _to-day_ and _yesterday_ are nouns in the possessive case; but in phrases like the following, they are generally considered adverbs of tiain _to-day_” Here they are nouns, if we supply _on_ before the else] is given, _much [increase, improvement_] will be required; _Much_ money has been expended; It is _much_ better to write than starve” In the first two of these examples, _much_ is an adjective, because it qualifies a noun; in the last, an adverb, because it qualifies the adjective _better_ In short, you s, by its _sense_, or by considering the _manner_ in which it is associated with other words

An adjective uished from an _adverb_ by this rule: when a word qualifies a _noun_ or _pronoun_, it is an adjective, but when it qualifies a _verb, participle, adjective_, or _adverb_, it is an adverb

Prepositions are sometimes erroneously called adverbs, when their nouns are understood ”He rides _about_;” that is, about the _town, country_, or so_ else ”She was _near_ [the _act_ or _;” ”But do not _after_ [that _time_ or _event_] lay the blame on me” ”He came _down_ [the _ascent_] from the hill;” ”They lifted hiels _above_;”--above _us_--”Above these lower _heavens_, to us invisible, or di exercises in false Syntax, you may answer these