Part 43 (1/2)

”Dr Johnson, what do you think of our Scotch broth?”

”Madas”

”Then have some more,” said the woman

The only case in which the quoted words can be detached from the remainder of the sentence is where they form the end of the sentence after soraph of the exaiven

145 INDENTATION OF THE PARAGRAPH The first sentence of each new paragraph should be indented See example under --144 No other sentence should be so indented

146 The essential qualities which each paragraph should have are: Unity, Coherence, and Eraph should deal with only one subject, and should include nothing which does not have a direct bearing on that subject Thus, in the following paragraph, the italicized sentence violates the principle of Unity, because, very obviously it belongs to soraph:

Never did any race receive the Gospel with more ardent enthusiasht to have banished the snakes from the island_ So enthusiastic were the Irish, that, not content with the religious work in Ireland, the Irish Church sent out its missionaries to Scotland, to Gerious houses and raphs should not be ether If the ideas can all be fairly included under one general topic, unity deraph Thus, in describing the route followed in a certain journey, one should not use a separate paragraph for each step in the journey

Wrong:

In returning to the University, I went froh to Cleveland

Then I took a berth for the night on one of the lake stea from Cleveland to Detroit

From Detroit I completed the journey to Ann Arbor on an early train the next

If unity is to be secured, not only raph deal with the same topic, but also, they must be developed in some consistent, systeenerally maintained as to tense, subject, and manner of expression

147 HOW TO GAIN UNITY Careful thought before beginning the paragraph is necessary if unity is to be gained The topic of the paragraph should be determined, and should be clearly indicated by a topic sentence Usually this topic sentence should be placed near the beginning of the paragraph The first sentence is the clearest and best place for it The topic sentence need not be a formal statement of the subject to be discussed, but may be any sentence that shohat is to be the central idea of the paragraph

With the topic deter it

Itdetails and specific instances to the general state cause or effect

148 Exaraphs Each possesses the quality of unity The topic sentence in each case is italicized

_To rule was not enough for Bonaparte_ He wanted to a, bold, overn ever so absolutely would not have satisfied hin through wonder and awe, by the grandeur and terror of his name, by displays of pohich would rivet on hiue Poas his supreazed at as well as felt, which should strike y, which should shake old thrones as an earthquake, and, by the suddenness of its new creations, should awaken soency inspires

Fro

_There is soives a charreat portion of our pleasures fros sally forth and dissipate themselves over the sunny landscape and we ”live abroad and everywhere” The song of the bird, the , the soft voluptuousness of suolden poreen, and heaven with its deep delicious blue and its cloudy ht, and we revel in the luxury of mere sensation But in the depth of winter, when Nature lies despoiled of every charratifications to moral sources The dreariness and desolation of the landscape, the short gloohts, while they circus fro abroad, and make us more keenly disposed for the pleasures of the social circle Our thoughts are more concentrated; our friendly sympathies more aroused We feel ht ether by dependence on each other for enjoyment Heart calleth unto heart, and we draw our pleasures fro kindness which lie in the quiet recesses of our bosoms; and which, where resorted to, furnish forth the pure element of doton Irving

149 COHERENCE Coherence deraph shall be perfectly clear in its , and that it be so constructed that it rasped by the reader The relation of sentence to sentence, of idea to idea, raph ether--it must not consist of disconnected pieces

150 HOW TO GAIN COHERENCE Where vividness or soain coherence in the sentence, it is usually gained by the use of words or phrases which refer to or help to keep insentences, or which show the bearing of the sentence on the paragraph topic These words may be of various sorts; as, _it, this vieever, in this way_, etc Sohout the paragraph, or is directly or indirectly indicated again at the end of the paragraph

Exa selections Note the italicized words of coherence, and note in each case how they aid the flow of thought froraph topic

I will give you ard to the _two books_ you have na and easy to read _It_ is, _also_, by noin the value of the information it presents _But the second_, while it is no less interesting and equally valuable in its contents, seeical and scholarly in its construction _In addition to this_ I think you will find it cheaper in price, by reason of its not being so profusely illustrated _Therefore_, I should advise you to procure the _second_ for your study _Either, indeed_, will do, but since you have a choice, take the better one

A Husband tried in vain to reconcile theht more readily prevail by an example _So_ he called his sons and bade the tied theot, he told _the lads_, one after another, to take it up and break it _They all tried_, but tried in vain _Then_, untying _the fagot_, he gave _thereatest ease _Then_ said the father: ”_Thus_,as you remain united, you are a match for all your enemies; but differ and separate, and you are undone” _aesop's Fables_