Part 29 (2/2)
PRESENT TENSE--ACTIVE VOICE
_seeing_
PRESENT TENSE--PassIVE VOICE
_being seen_
PERFECT TENSE--ACTIVE VOICE
_having seen_
PERFECT TENSE--PassIVE VOICE
_having been seen_
CHAPTER VI
CONNECTIVES: RELATIVE pronOUNS, RELATIVE ADVERBS, CONJUNCTIONS, AND PREPOSITIONS
78 INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT CLAUSES A sentence may consist of two or more independent clauses, or it may consist of one principal clause and one or more dependent clauses
INDEPENDENT CLAUSES are joined by conjunctions; such as, _hence, but, and, although_, etc
DEPENDENT CLAUSES are joined to the sentence by relative adverbs; such as, _where, when_, etc, or by relative pronouns; as, _hat_, etc These dependent clauses may have the same office in the sentence as nouns, pronouns, adjectives, or adverbs (See --7)
79 CASE AND NUMBER OF RELATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE pronOUNS Failure to use the proper case and number of the relative pronouns has already been touched upon (see --29), but a further mention of this fault may well be made here
The relative pronoun has other offices in the sentence than that of connecting the dependent and principal clauses It may serve as a subject or an object in the clause The sentence, _I wonder WHOM will be chosen_, is wrong, because the relative here is the subject of _will be chosen_, not the object of _wonder_, and should have the nominative form _who_ Corrected, it reads, _I wonder WHO will be chosen_ Exa: We knoe : You ive it to _who: Do you knohoht: Do you knoho_ it is? (Attribute co: Everybody _ere_ there were disappointed (Disagreeht: Everybody _as_ there was disappointed
The relative pronoun takes the case required by the clause it introduces, not the case required by any word preceding it Thus, the sentence, _He gave it to WHO had the clearest right_, is correct, because _who_ is the subject of the verb _had_, and therefore in the noht, because _whomever_ is the object of _they naative pronouns are made in the saative pronoun has other functions besides ation It serves also as the subject or object in the sentence Care must be taken, then, to use the proper case Say, _Who for?_
NOTE Some writers justify the use of _who_ in sentences like the last one on the ground that it is an idiorara sentences, choose the proper forms from those italicized:_