Part 16 (2/2)

1 Have them ---- me very early

2 He went upstairs and ---- his brother

3 His brother did not wish to be ---- so early

4 ThisI ---- at dawn

5 It is unpleasant to ---- so early

6 You say that you have never ---- after nine?

7 Who ---- so early, this ?

8 He would not say who ---- hiht is unpleasant

10 ----ing everybody up by their noise is an every night occurrence

11 The sun ---- me early

12 The whole country-side seemed to ---- at once

13 He had himself ---- at six o'clock

58 MODE Mode is that form of the verb which indicates the arded There are several lish, but only between the indicative and subjunctive , the INDICATIVE MODE is used when the statearded as a fact or as truth, and the SUBJUNCTIVE MODE is used when the stateree of doubt

59 FORMS OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE The places in which the subjunctive differs from the indicative are in the present and past tenses of the verb _be_, and in the present tense of active verbs The following outline will show the difference between the indicative and the subjunctive of _be_:

INDICATIVE PRESENT OF BE INDICATIVE PAST OF BE I am we are I ere thou art you are thou wert or wast you were he (she, it) is they are he (she, it) was they were

SUBJUNCTIVE PRESENT OF BE SUBJUNCTIVE PAST OF BE If I be If we be If I were If ere If thou be If you be If thou were If you were If he (she, it) be If they be If he (she, it) were If they were

_If_ is used only as an example of the conjunctions on which the subjunctive depends Other conjunctions may be used, or the verb may precede the subject

NOTE--It will be noticed that _thou art_ and _thou wast_, etc, have been used in the second person singular Strictly speaking, these are the proper forh _you are_ and _you were_, etc, are custole person

In the subjunctive of _be_, it will be noted that the forhout the present tense; and the forhout the past tense

In other verbs the subjunctive, instead of having the s-forular of the present tense, has the name-form, or the same form as all the other forms of the present tense; as, indicative, _he runs, she sees, it seeh she see, lest it seem, if he have_

NOTE--An exaive a further understanding of the forms of the subjunctive

60 USE OF INDICATIVE AND SUBJUNCTIVE The indicativesentence, when the statearded as true: _If that evidence is true, then he is a criht to be charitable_ Most directly declarative statements are put in the indicative mode

But when the sense of the statement shows uncertainty in the speaker's arded as contrary to fact or as untrue, the subjunctive is used Note the two sentences following, in which the conditions are properly in the subjunctive: _If those statements be true, then all stateht be charitable_

The subjunctive is usually preceded by the conjunctions, _if, though, lest, although_, or the verb precedes the subject But it must be borne in mind that these do not always indicate the subjunctive mode THE USE OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE DEPENDS ON WHETHER THE CONDITION IS REGARDED AS A FACT OR AS CONTRARY TO FACT, CERTAIN OR UNCERTAIN

It should be added that the subjunctive is perhaps going out of use; so of the subjunctive is to be regretted and to be discouraged, since its for

EXERCISE 37

_Write five sentences which illustrate the correct use of BE in the third person singular without an auxiliary, and five which illustrate the correct use of WERE in the third person singular_

EXERCISE 38

_Choose the preferable forive a definite reason for your choice In some of the sentences either form may be used correctly:_

1 He acts as if it _as_ possible always to escape death

2 If it _ere_ near enough, I should walk

3 If I _ere_ only wealthy!

4 If I _as_ in his place, I should study ht, then the book is wrong

6 If he _ere_ I, he would coh he _ere_ very econoel, I should dislike her