Volume III Part 3 (1/2)

On the thirty-first of October, a considerable force took the road to Duddingstone, a s, before the Highland army poured in upon its serene precincts, a scene of repose and quiet beauty, finely contrasted with the claed hill

Foreuards, consisting of sixty-two gentleether a troop of a hundred and twenty horse A s to more than forty horse, followed under the command of Arthur Elphinstone, afterwards Lord Balrenadiers, ere incorporated the Perthshi+re gentlemen, in the absence of their own commander, Lord Strathallan, as left Governor of Perth The whole of this squadron did not amount to a hundred It was commanded by William Earl of Kilmarnock, the representative of an ancient and noble family, which, as an historian remarks, ”sometimes matched with the blood-royal” ”He was,” adds the sa about forty years old The elegance of his person, and comeliness of his features, which were every way handsome, bespake internal beauties”[65] It is re Lord Boyd, Lord Kilht against the Jacobites

The Aberdeen and Ba with their servants to a hundred and twenty, with seventy or eighty hussars, were coo; but Mr Murray, ”ould have a share at least of everything,” was their colonel[66]

The infantry consisted of thirteen little battalions, for the Highlanders would not be commanded by any but their own chiefs; and it was necessary therefore to have as iments as there were Clans

On the third of November, the Prince marched from Dalkeith on foot, at the head of the Clans, ere coe Murray The acclah, who flocked in crowds to witness the departure of the army, were loud and friendly Yet it is re residence in that city, in spite of his hereditary claims on its inhabitants, and of the popularity of his manners, the party of the Prince in that capital never increased in proportion to his expectations This indifference to the cause of Charles Edward has withand unalterable distrust entertained by all zealous Presbyterians of any approach to Popery: the firmness of the Scottish character to a principle may be plainly read in the reluctance of the Lowlanders to hazard, even for a Stuart, the safety of what they esteem to be their vital interests[67]

It was, however, a fine, although athe road to London left Dalkeith It was indeed only after long and anxious deliberation, that these brave land, without any certain expectation of a rising in that country; yet there werethese were some of the bravest and thethose ere declared secretly to have desponded of success, and yet to have gone on in the career froe Murray

The land was very judiciously planned and well executed ”It resembled,” observes the Chevalier Johnstone, ”on a small scale, that of Marshal Saxe soe to Maestricht” The Prince went day after day on foot, contrary to general expectation; for it was thought that he would only have done so at the beginning to encourage the soldiers: but in dirty lanes, and in deep snow, the youth reared in seclusion and luxury took his chance with the coet on horseback to ford a river ”It's not to be iined,” writes his affectionate partisan and historian Maxwell, ”howhimself down to a level with the men, and his affable behaviour to theat Lauder, hearing that sohlanders had re, Charles got on horseback before it was light, rode back two or three lers with him[70] On the fourth instant he reached Kelso Such was the success of this well-contrived march, and such the secrecy hich it was made, that Marshal Wade, as at Newcastle with eleven thousand men, continued to cover and protect that place, without an idea of advancing to intercept the Highland troops Indeed, the secret was so well kept, that hardly any subordinate officer in the Prince's service knehere the junction of the columns was intended to take place[71]

Arduous as the Prince's march had been to Kelso, it was enlivened by soe MurrayChevalier On passing through Preston Hall gate, the firstof his march, the Prince found breakfast there prepared for him by order of the duchess of Gordon, for which act that lady was deprived of a yearly pension of one thousand pounds, given to her in consideration of her Grace's having educated her faion[72] As he passed Fala Danes, the ladies of Whitborough, ere the sisters of a zealous adherent of the Prince, Robert Anderson, entertained Charles and his chief officers with a collation in the open air The royal guest, being asked to leave some memorial of his visit, cut from the hilt of his sword a piece of crih At Lauder, Charles took up his abode in Hurlestane castle, the seat of the Earl of Lauderdale Frouards across the Tweed; not so much to reconnoitre, as to amuse the enemy: they went solish villages, made inquiries as to what reception and acco there The object of this manoeuvre was to keep General Wade in suspense as to thetowards Carlisle Such was the success of these artifices, that Wade, who had decided on a march to Berwick, countermanded that order On the sixth of November the Jacobite forces crossed the Tweed: that river was scarcely fordable; but the Highlanders were elated beyond measure, and, even when bathed in the water, expressed their delight by discharging their pieces and uttering cries of joy Such was their huave the horses which were taken fro their contelishe, especially froh, who ran forth to kiss the young hero's hand, Charles entered Jedburgh, and took up his residence at an inn in the centre of the town, called the Nag's Head On the following day he led his troops over the Rule water, famous for the warriors of old elt near its banks; and over the Knot o' Gate into Liddiesdale, ”noted in former times for its predatory hands, as in more recent times for its primitive yeomen and romantic minstrelsy”[73] After a h, upon Liddel water; here he slept, the Highlanders finding their quarters for the night as well as they could in barns, or byres, or houses, as their fortunedown the Liddel water, met the column of horse which had taken the middle road by Selkirk and Hawick

They joined him at Gritholm Shortly afterwards the first division of the Prince's ardoround That event was signalized by a loud shout, whilst the Highlanders unsheathed their swords But soon a general panic was spread aence that Ca his sword, had drawn blood froarded as an omen of mournful import What was of much more vital consequence was the incessant desertion of the troops, especially from the column which the Prince co away in the fields, and the roads to Lanarkshi+re and Stirlingshi+re were croith these renegades This circue Murray accounted for in these terms, when, upon a subsequent occasion, he wrote to his brother, co of the fact: ”We are quite affronted with the scandalous desertion of ourmoney instead of the best oodout, would have been piqued in honour, and not deserted us on the point of fighting the enemy”[75]

Such was the skill and secrecy hich the whole of this estions of Lord George Murray, that the forces were verythat all the three coluland, about two miles distant from the city of Carlisle The plan was executed with such precision, that there was not an interval of two hours between the junction of the columns[76]

It was now resolved to invest Carlisle Few cities in England have been the scenes of more momentous events than that which was now the object of the Chevalier's efforts Long the centre of border hostilities, it was the fate of Carlisle to be at once the witness of the insurrection of 1745, and the scene of punishment of those ere concerned in that movement

In modern times, the importance of Carlisle as a fortress has inevitably declined; and it is at present regarded as a venerable relic of forth, rather than as a place of defence But, in ancient days, the Warden of the Marches, selected froe, attracted to the castle of Carlisle a host of youthful aspirants for ht to be trained to arle achieve watchfulness, patient labour, and skill, slowly and painfully to be acquired

Founded by William Rufus, who restored the city after it had lain two hundred years in ruins, owing to the depredations of the Danes; and ied successively by Richard the Third and Henry the Eighth; the castle had received the unhappy Mary Stuart: and here she was treated with an insidious respect which soon threw off the mask In the time of Queen Elizabeth, the citadel, which was entirely built by Henry the Eighth, fell into decay; and after the prohibition of all incursions on England on the part of King James the Sixth, Carlisle ceased to be of so much importance as a military possession; and its position, as one of the keys of England, did not avail to secure any great attention to its dilapidated state At the time of Charles Edward's arrival in culected for several centuries; but it still bore the outward aspect of forth

The works, which had thus been left to le, and were separated frole, which is also cut off from the Parade by a ditch, is seated the Castle, properly so called, though the whole generally goes by that naeon, the walls of which are twelve feet in thickness; a tower, called the Captain's Tower; two gates, one to each ward; there being an inward and an outard In the castle there is a great chamber, and a hall, but no storehouse for aateway towers, a seeld Tower, and the citadel, complete the fortifications: unless we comprise several square tohich the city walls are furnished; especially one at the west sally-port, and the Tile Tower, both of considerable strength[77]

The foreground of the castle is forreen and level meadoashed by the river Eden; and, in es add to the beauty of the scene The hanging banks are croith the village and church of Stanwix, and the mountains of Bewcastle form the distance

”To the south,” to use the words of Hutchinson in his History of cumberland, ”you command the plains towards Penrith, shut in on either side with a vast range of mountains, over which Crossfell and Skiddaw are distinctly seen greatly eminent To the east a varied tract of cultivated country, scattered over with villages and hale beautifully oodlands on the extensive landscape; the distant horizon forhts of Northumberland To the west, the Solway Frith sparkles out, a shi+ning expanse of waters, flowing along a cultivated tract of land on the English coast; on the other, the bold heights of Weffel and a chain of mountains extend towards the sea”[78]

When Charles Edward spread out his forces before Carlisle, the garrison within itswalls was composed of a company of invalids, under the command of Colonel Durand; but the cumberland militia were almost all collected within the city walls Colonel Durand, however, as well as the Mayor of the place, showed a spirit of defence; and the latter issued a procla the inhabitants that he was not Paterson, a Scotchlishman, as determined to hold out the city to the last Since Charles had no battering cannon, it appeared impossible to reduce the castle if it ell-defended; but it was resolved toan attack, the news that Wade's ar fro these operations The report proved, however, to be groundless; and the Duke of Perth was sent, therefore, with several regie

The Jacobite army had all crossed the river Eden at Rowcliff, four miles below Carlisle; and next day they marched to Harraby, Blackhall, and Boutcherby, to the southward of Carlisle At Harraby Lord George Murray re hway to Penrith: the other troops under his coes The Duke of Perth had the direction of the trenches It was here that an event occurred, which shortly afterwards excited the greatest discontent a the followers of Charles Edward[79]

The attack upon the city was made froth joined the insurgent ar the Duke of Perth As it was market-day on the ninth, when the Jacobites made their appearance within a quarter of a led with the arrison dared not fire upon the day, the city was attacked in three places; but the Marquis of Tullibardine, who coun battery, planted at the entrance of a lane, was heard to say to his followers, ”Gentlemen, we have not metal for them; retreat” After three days'

attack, however, the courage of Mr Pattieson, and the strength of the garrison, gave way The valiant Mayor forgot his English birth so far as to hang out a white flag, and to request a capitulation for the town

The garrison and townsmen of Carlisle, in the opinion of the writers of the day, h, in their defence and capitulation In the siege, the Highland army had only one man killed, and another wounded; and the reduction of Carlisle gave great, but not lasting, lustre to their are Murray is said, in the newspapers of the day, to have encountered an old friend, who asked him how he could be so rash as to lend himself to the aid of a hopeless and futile invasion To this Lord George is declared to have replied, that he ell aware that the cause was hopeless; but that, having once engaged to maintain it, honour compelled hi before those fatal dissensions appeared which effectually defeated all that valour or fidelity could effect to save Charles Edward from defeat

It was, perhaps, the well-earned popularity of the Duke of Perth, his forbearance, and the gratitude evinced towards him by the inhabitants of Carlisle, as he rode triuh their city, that first roused the jealousy of Lord George Murray's proud nature The disinterested conduct of the Duke of Perth, as soon as he became infore Murray, orthy of hi man modestly withdrew from a rivalry which, he justly concluded, must be injurious to the cause of that Prince whose interests he had espoused; for few men could cope with the natural abilities, the force of character, and the experience of Lord George He was by far the eneral that appeared in either of the two insurrections in the cause of the Stuarts ”His personal hardihood and bravery,” reht be rivalled by n, providing against disasters, or i victory”

Whilst the Jacobite forces lay encamped near Carlisle, certain differences of opinion arose in the Council There were soht that it would be desirable, before investing Carlisle, to return to Scotland to collect a greater force Lord George Murray, seconded by the Duke of Perth, had opposed this cautious proposal; and recommended that part of the aro to blockade Carlisle The Duke of Perth had seconded this schee should command the blockade, whilst the Duke conducted the battery The result has been seen; and the Prince was now master of Carlisle