Part 48 (1/2)

Beal. London, 1875.

RhDB.--Buddhism, by T.W. Rhys Davids, in the Series of Non-Christian Religious Systems. London, 1890.

S42S.--Sutra of Forty-two Sections. Kyoto, j.a.pan.

SB.-Sacred Books of the East.

SN.--Sutta Nipata, translated from the Pali by V. Fausboll. Part II, Vol. X of the Sacred Books of the East. Oxford, 1881.

SS.--A Brief Account of s.h.i.+n-s.h.i.+u by R. Akamatsu. Kyoto, j.a.pan, 1893.

SSP.--Sept Suttas Palis by M.P. Grimblot. Paris, 1876.

TPN.--Buddhistische Anthologie. Texte aus dem Pali-Kanon. By Dr. Karl Eugen Neumann. Leyden, 1892.

Ug.--Uttaradhyayana, translated by H. Jacobi. Vol. XLV of the Sacred Books of the East.

US.--The Udana by Major General D.M. Strong.

V.--Visuddhi-Magga in Warren's Buddhism in Translations.

W.--Buddhism in Translations by Henry Clarke Warren.

The original Pali texts are published in the Journal of the Pali Text Society, London, Henry Frowde.

GLOSSARY OF NAMES AND TERMS.

[In the text of the present booklet all unnecessary terms have been avoided. Whenever a good English equivalent could be found, the foreign expression has been dropped. Nevertheless, the introduction not only of many foreign-sounding names, but also of some of the original terms, was unavoidable.

Now we have to state that the Eastern people, at least those of Hindu culture during the golden age of Buddhism in India, adopted the habit of translating not only terms but also names. A German whose name is Schmied is not called Smith in English, but Buddhists, when translating from Pali into Sanskrit, change Siddhattha into Siddhartha. The reason of this strange custom lies in the fact that Buddhists originally employed the popular speech and did not adopt the use of Sanskrit until about five hundred years after Buddha. Since the most important names and terms, such as Nirvana, Karma and Dharma, have become familiar to us in their Sanskrit form, while their Pali equivalents, Nibbana, Kamma and Dhamma, are little used, it _appeared advisable to prefer for some terms the Sanskrit forms_, but there are instances in which the Pali, for some reason or other, has been preferred by English authors [e. g. Krisha Gautami is always called Kisagotami], we present here in the Glossary both the Sanskrit and the Pali forms.

Names which have been Anglicised, such as ”Brahma, Brahman, Benares, Jain, and karma,” have been preserved in their accepted form. If we adopt the rule of transferring Sanskrit and Pali words in their stem-form, as we do in most cases (e.g. Nirvana, atman), we ought to call Brahma ”Brahman,” and karma ”karman.” But us us est tyrannus. In a popular book it is not wise to swim against the stream.

Following the common English usage of saying ”Christ,” not ”the Christ,”

we say in the t.i.tle ”Buddha,” not ”the Buddha.”]

Abni'nna, _p._, Abhi'jnna, _skt._, supernatural talent. There are six abhijnnas which Buddha acquired when attaining perfect enlightenment:--(i) the celestial eye, or an intuitive insight of the nature of any object in any universe; (2) the celestial ear, or the ability to understand any sound produced in any universe; (3) the power of a.s.suming any shape or form; (4) knowledge of all forms of pre-existence of one's self and others; (5) intuitive knowledge of the minds of all beings; and (6) knowledge of the finality of the stream of life.

Acira'vati, _p._ and _skt._, a river.

Agni, _p._ and _skt._, a G.o.d of the Brahmans, the G.o.d of fire.

Ajatasa'ttu, _p._, Ajatasa'tru, _skt._, the son of king Bimbisara and his successor to the throne of Magadha.

Ala'ra, _p._, Ara'da, _skt._, a prominent Brahman philosopher. His full name is Alara Kalama.

Ambapa'li, the courtesan, called ”Lady Amra” in Fo-Sho-Hing-Tsan-King.