Part 29 (1/2)

~transmission~: handing down from father to son.

~externally~: outwardly.

~St. Katharine's~, ~Ratcliff~, ~Shadwell~, ~Stepney~, are all in the East End of London.

~jurisdiction~: legal authority.

59. UNDER GEORGE II. PART V.

~Lighters~: large boats or barges used in unloading s.h.i.+ps.

~bleaching-grounds~: where cloth was laid out to be bleached or whitened by the wind and sun.

~hopbines~: the stalks of hop plants.

~transportation~: conveying convicted criminals abroad. Till 1869 convicts were sent to Australia; now they are kept in convict prisons at home.

~cla.s.sification~: dividing and arranging into cla.s.ses.

~embezzle~: to steal something entrusted to one's care.

~press-gang~: a party of sailors under an officer who forcibly took men to serve in the Royal Navy.

~anarchy~: absence of rule, disorder.

~Gordon Riots~: in 1780, led by the fanatic Lord George Gordon. The mob raised the cry of 'No Popery' on account of a law then proposing to remove hards.h.i.+ps from Roman Catholics. Riot and plunder were the real object of the mob. The disorder had to be suppressed by military force.

~Police~: organised in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel, after whom the members of the force were called 'bobbies' and 'peelers.'

60. THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY. PART I.

~Denominations~: religious bodies or sects, the members of which are all called by the same name. (Latin _nomen_, a name.)

~every conceivable topic~: every subject you can think of.

~community~: a people, the public.

~achieved~: won by effort.

61. THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY. PART II.

~Symbol of~: the representative of; the presence of a policeman is the outward form taken by the law in the eyes of the people.