Part 6 (1/2)

PIECE FRACTIONS--Fractions made up of two or more types; the numerator and denominator cast separately, usually on bodies half the size of the whole numbers or the type with which they are used. Sometimes called split fractions.

PIN-MARK--The little mark sometimes seen on the side of foundry-made type. (8)

POINT SYSTEM--The standard system of type bodies, based on the point as a unit; in America the point is .0138 of an inch. Calculations are simplified ordinarily by a.s.suming the point as 1/72 of an inch. (13)

POSTER TYPE--Large sizes for billboard printing, mostly made of wood.

(27)

PUNCH--In typefounding, an original die of a letter or character cut on the end of a steel bar, used to make a matrix. (21)

QUADS--Metal blanks used for large s.p.a.ces in composing type. (19)

QUOTATIONS--Large hollow quads; similar to metal furniture.

RUBBER TYPE--Cast with a vulcanized-rubber face mounted on short metal bodies; not used in ordinary typographic printing, but cla.s.sed with rubber hand stamps.

SCRIPT--A general name for that cla.s.s of type designed to imitate handwriting. (18)

SECTIONAL TYPE--A style of type now in disuse, in which each letter was made in two parts, the upper half being separate from the lower. Any letter or character cast in two or more parts.

SERIF--The short cross-line or tick at the end of the main strokes in roman letters. (8)

SET--The width of a type. (13)

SHOULDER--The blank s.p.a.ce on the top of a type not covered by the letter; specifically, the s.p.a.ce above and below the letter, the s.p.a.ce on the side being designated by typefounders as side-bearings. (8)

SMALL CAPS--A secondary set of capitals made for fonts intended for book work. They are slightly larger than the small (lower-case) letters, but smaller than the regular capitals. See the side-headings in this glossary. (9, 10, 12)

SMALL PICA--An old size of type nearly equal to 11-point. (15)

s.p.a.cES--Thin metal blanks used to separate words in a line. (19)

SORT--Any particular letter or character of a font, in distinction from the complete a.s.sortment. ”Out of sorts,” when some needed letters of a font are missing.

SORT ORDER--A request for some particular character of a font.

TWO-LINE LETTER--A large letter covering two lines of the adjoining text, used for initials at the beginning of paragraphs. Two-line figures, used for displaying price-figures in advertis.e.m.e.nts, etc.

TYPE-HIGH--Of the standard height of type; said of an electrotype or engraving that is the right height to accompany type. (7)

TYPE METAL--A composition of lead, tin, and antimony. (26)

TYPOGRAPHY--The process of printing with forms composed of movable types and small relief blocks.

WEIGHT FONT--A complete a.s.sortment of type measured by its weight instead of by the number of each letter. (12)

WEIGHT OF TYPE--Four square inches of type, composed solid, weigh approximately one pound. Thus, to find the weight of any given amount of type composition, find the number of square inches and divide by four.