Part 26 (1/2)

[398] J. Boemus, _Mores, leges et ritus omnium gentium_ (Lyons, 1541), pp. 225 _sq._

[399] Tessier, ”Sur la fete annuelle de la roue flamboyante de la Saint-Jean, a Ba.s.se-Kontz, arrondiss.e.m.e.nt de Thionville,” _Memoires et dissertations publies par la Societe Royale des Antiquaires de France_, v. (1823) pp. 379-393. Tessier witnessed the ceremony, 23rd June 1822 (not 1823, as is sometimes stated). His account has been reproduced more or less fully by J. Grimm (_Deutsche Mythologie_,*[4] i. 515 _sq._) W.

Mannhardt (_Der Baumkultus_, pp. 510 _sq._), and H. Gaidoz (”Le dieu gaulois du Soleil et le symbolisme de la Roue,” _Revue Archeologique_, iii. Serie, iv. (1884) pp. 24 _sq._).

[400] _Bavaria, Landes- und Volkskunde des Konigreichs Bayern_ (Munich, 1860-1867), i. 373 _sq_.; compare _id_., iii. 327 _sq_. As to the burning discs at the spring festivals, see above, pp. 116 _sq_., 119, 143.

[401] _Op. cit_. ii. 260 _sq_., iii. 936, 956, iv. 2. p. 360.

[402] _Op. cit_. ii. 260.

[403] _Op. cit._ iv. i. p. 242. We have seen (p. 163) that in the sixteenth century these customs and beliefs were common in Germany. It is also a German superst.i.tion that a house which contains a brand from the midsummer bonfire will not be struck by lightning (J.W. Wolf, _Beitrage, zur deutschen Mythologie_, i. p. 217, -- 185).

[404] J. Boemus, _Mores, leges et ritus omnium gentium_ (Lyons, 1541), p. 226.

[405] Karl Freiherr von Leoprechting, _Aus dem Lechrain_ (Munich, 1855), pp. 181 _sqq._; W. Mannhardt, _Der Baumkultus_, p. 510.

[406] A. Birlinger, _Volksthumliches aus Schwaben_ (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1861-1862), ii. pp. 96 _sqq._, -- 128, pp. 103 _sq._, -- 129; _id., Aus Schwaben_ (Wiesbaden, 1874), ii. 116-120; E. Meier, _Deutsche Sagen, Sitten und Gebrauche aus Schwaben_ (Stuttgart, 1852), pp. 423 _sqq._; W. Mannhardt, _Der Baumkultus_, p. 510.

[407] F. Panzer, _Beitrag zur deutschen Mythologie_ (Munich, 1848-1855), i. pp. 215 _sq._, -- 242; _id._, ii. 549.

[408] A. Birlinger, _Volksthumliches aus Schwaben_ (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1861-1862), ii. 99-101.

[409] Elard Hugo Mayer, _Badisches Volksleben_ (Strasburg, 1900), pp.

103 _sq._, 225 _sq._

[410] W. von Schulenberg, in _Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft fur Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte, Jahrgang 1897_, pp. 494 _sq._ (bound up with _Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie_, xxix. 1897).

[411] H. Gaidoz, ”Le dieu Gaulois du Soleil et le symbolisme de la Roue,” _Revue Archeologique_, iii. Serie, iv. (1884) pp. 29 _sq._

[412] Bruno Stehle, ”Volksglauben, Sitten und Gebrauche in Lothringen,”

_Globus_, lix. (1891) pp. 378 _sq._; ”Die Sommerwendfeier im St.

Amarinthale,” _Der Urquell_, N.F., i. (1897) pp. 181 _sqq._

[413] J.H. Schmitz, _Sitten und Sagen Lieder, Spruchworter und Rathsel des Eifler Volkes_ (Treves, 1856-1858), i. 40 _sq._ According to one writer, the garlands are composed of St. John's wort (Monta.n.u.s, _Die deutschen Volksfeste, Volksbrauche und deutscher Volksglaube_, Iserlohn, N.D., p. 33). As to the use of St. John's wort at Midsummer, see below, vol. ii. pp. 54 _sqq._

[414] A. Kuhn und W. Schwartz, _Norddeutsche Sagen, Marchen und Gebrauche_ (Leipsic, 1848), p. 390.

[415] Monta.n.u.s, _Die deutschen Volksfeste, Volksbrauche und deutscher Volksglaube_ (Iserlohn, N.D.), pp. 33 _sq._

[416] C.L. Rochholz, _Deutscher Glaube und Brauch_ (Berlin, 1867), ii.

144 _sqq._

[417] Philo vom Walde, _Schlesien in Sage und Brauch_ (Berlin, N.D.), p.

124; Paul Drechsler, _Sitte, Brauch, und Volksglaube in Schlesien_ (Leipsic, 1903-1906), i. 136 _sq._

[418] J. Grimm, _Deutsche Mythologie,_*[4] i. 517 _sq._

[419] From information supplied by Mr. Sigurd K. Heiberg, engineer, of Bergen, Norway, who in his boyhood regularly collected fuel for the fires. I have to thank Miss Anderson, of Barskimming, Mauchline, Ayrs.h.i.+re, for kindly procuring the information for me from Mr. Heiberg.