Part 15 (2/2)

[83] This date (161) is given by Pliny (_H.N_. x. 139); Macrobius (_Sat_. iii. 17. 3) places the law in 159.

[84] Gell. ii. 24; Macrob. _Sat_. iii. 17; Plin. _H.N_. x. 139; Tertull. _Apol_. vi. The ten a.s.ses of this law are the Fanni centussis misellus of Lucilius.

[85] It seems that we must a.s.sume formal acceptance on the part of the allies in accordance with the principle that Rome could not legislate for her confederacy, a principle a.n.a.logous to that which forbade her to force her franchise on its members (Cic. _pro Balbo_ 8, 20 and 21).

[86] We may compare the enactment of 193 B.C., which was produced by the discovery that Roman creditors escaped the usury laws by using Italians as their agents (Liv. x.x.xv. 7 M. Semp.r.o.nius tribunus plebis ... plebem rogavit plebesque scivit ut c.u.m sociis ac nomine Latino creditae pecuniae jus idem quod c.u.m civibus Romanis esset).

[87] The _Lex Licinia_, which is attributed by Macrobius (l.c.) to P.

Licinius Cra.s.sus Dives, perhaps belongs either to his praetors.h.i.+p (104 B.C.) or to his consuls.h.i.+p (97 B.C.).

[88] Gellius (ii. 24), in speaking of Sulla's experiments, says of the older laws Legibus istis situ atque senio obliteratis.

[89] _Exaequatio_ (Liv. x.x.xiv. 4).

[90] Cic. _de Rep_. iii. g. 16; see p. 80.

[91] Compare Tac. _Ann_. iii. 53. The Emperor Tiberius here speaks of Illa feminarum propria, quis lapidum causa pecuniae nostrae ad externas aut hostilis gentes transferuntur.

[92] The prohibition belongs to the year 229 B.C. (Zonar. viii. 19). For other prohibitions of the same kind dating from, a period later than that which we are considering see Voigt in Iwan-Muller's _Handbuch_ iv.

2, p. 376 n. 95.

[93] Earlier enactments had been directed against canva.s.sing, but not against bribery. The simplicity of the fifth century B.C. was ill.u.s.trated by the law that a candidate should not whiten his toga with chalk (Liv. iv. 25; 433 B.C.). The _Lex Poetelia_ of 358 B.C. (Liv. vii.

16) was directed against personal solicitation by _novi homines_. Some law of _ambitus_ is known to Plautus (_Amph. prol. 73; cf. Trinumm_. iv.

3. 26), See Rein _Criminalrecht_ p. 706

[94] Liv. xl. 19 Leges de ambitu consules ex auctoritate senatus ad populum tulerunt. This was the _lex Cornelia Baebia_ and that it referred to pecuniary corruption is known from a fragment of Cato (ap.

_Non_. vii. 19, s.v. largi, Cato lege Baebia: pecuniam inlargibo tibi).

[95] Obsequens lxxi.

[96] Liv. _Ep_. xlvii.

[97] Polyb. vi. 56 [Greek: _para men Karchaedoniois dora phaneros didontes lambanousi tas archas, para de Rhomaiois thanatos esti peri touto prostimon_.]

[98] The position of the ruined patrician will be fully ill.u.s.trated in the following pages when we deal with the careers of Scaurus and of Sulla.

[99] Liv. x.x.xiv. 52.

[100] Liv. x.x.xix. 7.

[101] Liv. x.x.xviii. 9.

[102] For the later history of the _aurum coronarium_ see Marquardt _Staatsverw_. ii. p. 295. It was developed from the _triumphales coronae_ (Festus p. 367) and is described as gold Quod triumphantibus ... a victis gentibus datur and as imposed by commanders Propter concessam vitam (_al_. immunitatem) (Serv. _Ad. Aen_. viii. 721).

[103] Liv. xxi. 63 (218 B.C.) Id satis habitum ad fructus ex agris vectandos; quaestus omnis patribus indecorus visus.

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