Part 6 (1/2)
The _Transversus_ having its beginning in the transverse _Apophyses_ of the _Vertebra's_ of the Loins, is fasten'd to the internal Rib of the _Os Ilium_, and within the Cartilages of the lower Ribs, and is terminated by a large _Aponeurosis_ in the _Linea Alba_, pa.s.sing over the _Rectus_, and sticking to the _Peritonaeum_.
The Oblique Muscles, and the Transverse, have Holes toward the Groin, to give Pa.s.sage to the Spermatick Vessels of Men, and to a round {36} ligament of the _Matrix_ in Women; so that Ruptures or Burstenness happen through these parts in both s.e.xes, although the Holes of these three Muscles are not situated one over-against another.
The Pyramidal, so named by reason of its Figure, is situated in the lower _Tendon_ of the _Rectus_, its Origine being in the upper and external part of the _Os Pubis_; but it is terminated in the White Line, three Fingers breadth above the _p.u.b.es_, and sometimes even in the Navel itself. These Muscles are not found in all Bodies for there are sometimes two, sometimes only one, and sometimes none.
The use of the Muscles of the lower Belly is to compress all the contain'd parts, in order to a.s.sist them in expelling the Excrements.
_How many Muscles are there in the t.e.s.t.i.c.l.es?_
They have each of them one, call'd _Cremaster_; this Muscle takes its rise from the Ligaments of the _Os Pubis_, and by the dilatation of its Tendon covers the t.e.s.t.i.c.l.e, which it draws upward.
_How many Muscles hath the _p.e.n.i.s_?_
It hath two Pair, _viz._ the _Erectores_ or _Directores_, and the _Dilatantes_: The _Erectores_ arise from the internal part of the _Os Ischion_, under the beginning of the _Corpora Cavernosa_, where they are inserted, and retake their Fibres in their Membranes. The _Dilatantes_ or _Acceleratores_ have their Source in the _Sphincter_ of the _a.n.u.s_ and slipping from thence obliquely under the _Ureter_, are join'd to the Membrane of the Nervous Bodies.
_How many Muscles are there in the _c.l.i.toris_?_ {37}
It hath two Erectors which spring forth from the Protuberance of the _Os Ischion_, and are inserted in the Nervous Bodies of the _c.l.i.toris_. There are also two others suppos'd to be its Elevators, which proceed from the _Sphincter_ of the _a.n.u.s_, and are terminated in the _c.l.i.toris_.
_How many Muscles are there in the _a.n.u.s_?_
There are three, _viz._ the _Sphincter_, and two _Levatores_. The _Sphincter_ is two Fingers broad, to open and close the _r.e.c.t.u.m_. This Muscle being double, is fasten'd in the fore-part to the _p.e.n.i.s_ in Men, and to the Neck of the _Matrix_ in Women, as also behind to the _Coccyx_, and laterally to the Ligaments of the _Os Sacrum_, and the Hips.
The two _Levatores_ arise from the inner and lateral part of the _Os Ischion_, and are fasten'd to the _Sphincter_ of the _a.n.u.s_, to lift it up after the expulsion of the Excrements.
The _Bladder_ hath also a _Sphincter_ Muscle to open and shut its Orifice.
CHAP. X.
_Of the Muscles of the _Omoplatae_, or Shoulder-Blades, Arms, and Hands._
_How many ways doth the _Omoplata_ or Shoulder-Blade move, and what are its Muscles?_
The _Omoplata_ moves upward, downward, forward, and backward, by the means of four proper Muscles, which are the _Trapezius_, the {38} _Rhomboides_, the proper _Levator_, and the lesser _Pectoral_, or _Serratus Minor Anticus_.
The _Trapezius_ or _Cucullaris_ hath its beginning in the back part of the _Occiput_, or hinder part of the Head, in the Spines of the six lower _Vertebra's_ of the Neck, and of the nine upper of the Back, in pa.s.sing from whence it is implanted in the Spine of the _Omoplata_ or Shoulder-Blade, and the external part of the _Clavicula_, as far as the _Acromion_. This Muscle produceth many Motions by reason of its different Fibres, drawing the Shoulder-Blade obliquely upward, downward, and forward.
The _Rhomboides_ is situated over the _Trapezius_, its rise being in the _Apophyses_ of the three lower _Vertebra's_ of the Neck, and of the three upper of the Back, but it is afterward join'd to the whole _Basis_ or Root of the _Omoplata_, which it draws backward.
The proper _Levator_ commenceth in the _Transverse Apophyses_ of the four first _Vertebra's_ of the Neck, by different Progressions, but is afterward re-united, and inserted in the upper Corner of the _Omoplata_, which it draws upward.
The _lesser Pectoral_, or _Serratus Minor Anticus_, is situated under the great _Pectoral_, its rise being by Digitation or Indenting in the second, third, and fourth of the upper Ribs, and its Insertion in the _Apophysis Coracoides_ of the Shoulder-Blade, which it draws forward.
_How many Motions are there in the _Humerus_, or Arm; which be they, and what are its Muscles?_ {39}
The Arm performs all sorts of Motions by the help of nine Muscles: For it is lifted up by the _Deltoides_ and the _Infra-Spinatus_; it is depress'd by the _Largissimus_, and the _Rotundus Major_; it is drawn forward by the _Pectoralis Major_, and the _Coracoideus_; it is drawn backward by the _Infra-Spinatus_, and the _Rotundus Minor_. It is drawn near the Ribs by the _Subscapularis_, and its circular Motion is performed when all these Muscles act together successively.
The _Deltoides_ or _Triangular_ hath its beginning in the whole Spine of the _Omoplata_, the _Acromion_, and half the _Clavicula_, and by its point cleaves with a strong _Tendon_ to the middle of the Arm.