Part 335 (2/2)

PADANG (15), a town and free port on the W. coast of Sumatra, the largest town on the island, and the Dutch official capital.

PADEREWSKI, IGNACE JAN, a celebrated pianist, born at Podolia, in Russian Poland; master of his art by incessant practice from early childhood, made his _debut_ in 1887 with instant success; his first appearance created quite a _furore_ in Paris and London; has twice visited the United States; is a brilliant composer as well as performer, and has composed numerous pieces both for the voice and the piano; _b_.

1860.

PADILLA, JUAN LOPEZ DE, a celebrated Castilian n.o.ble, who headed a rebellion against Charles V., which he heroically maintained till his defeat at Villalos in 1521, and which his wife, Donna Maria, no less heroically maintained against a strong besieging force after his capture and execution.

PADISHAH, from two Persian words meaning ”protector prince,” is a t.i.tle given to the Shah of Persia and the Sultan of Turkey, and at one time applied, among others, to the Emperors of Austria and Russia.

PADUA (79), a walled city of Venetia, 23 m. by rail W. of Venice, has some manufactures of leather and musical-instrument strings, but is chiefly interesting for its artistic treasures; these include the munic.i.p.al buildings, cathedral, and nearly fifty churches, innumerable pictures and frescoes, and Donatello's famous equestrian statue of Gattamelata; there is also a renowned university, library, museum, and the oldest botanical garden in Europe; after very varied fortunes it was held by Venice 1405-1797, then by Austria till its incorporation in Italy 1866. Livy was a native, as also Andrea Mantegna.

PaeSTUM, an ancient Greek city of Lucania, in South Italy, with remains of Greek architecture second only to those of Athens.

PAGAN, ISABEL, Scotch poetess, auth.o.r.ess of the plaintive song ”Ca'

the Yowes to the Knowes” (1740-1821).

PAGANINI, NICOLO, a celebrated Italian violinist, born at Genoa of humble origin; widely famous for his astonis.h.i.+ng feats on a single-stringed instrument; was a composer of musical pieces for both violin and guitar; died rich (1784-1840).

PAGANISM, HEATHENISM (q. v.), so called as lingering among the ”pagani” or country people, after Christianity had taken root in the large towns.

PAG.o.dA, an Indian or Chinese temple, a.s.sociated chiefly with Buddhism, of a more or less pyramidal form and of several storeys, the most imposing being the Greek PaG.o.da of Tanjore; the name is applied also to a gold coin worth 7s. 6d. stamped with a paG.o.da.

PAHLEVI, name given to a translation of the ZENDAVESTA (q. v.) in the Zend dialect for the use of the priesthood.

PAINE, THOMAS, a notorious free-thinker and democrat, born in Thetford; emigrated to America, contributed, as he boasted, by his pamphlet ”Common Sense,” to ”free America,” by rousing it to emanc.i.p.ate itself from the mother-country; wrote the ”Rights of Man” against Burke's ”Reflections”; had to emigrate to France; took part in the Revolution to aid in its emanc.i.p.ation also, offended Robespierre, and was put in prison, where he wrote the first part of his ”Age of Reason,” a book which offended the Christian world and procured him ignominy and even execration in many quarters; died in New York, but his bones were conveyed to England by Cobbett in 1819 (1737-1809).

PAINTER, WILLIAM, author of ”Palace of Pleasure,” a collection of tales chiefly from Italian sources, which proved suggestive in furnis.h.i.+ng the dramatists with interesting subjects for representation (1540-1594).

PAISIELLO, GIOVANNI, an Italian composer, born at Taranto; his great work, the opera ”Il Barbiere di Seviglia”; composed besides other operas, cantatas, requiems, &c.

PAISLEY (66), a Renfrews.h.i.+re town, 7 m. W. of Glasgow, on the White Cart. It is the chief centre of manufacture of cotton thread in the world, and its other industries include dyeing, bleaching, woollen goods, and engineering. There are several fine buildings, a Baptist Church is said to be the finest modern ecclesiastical building in Scotland. The ornithologist Wilson, Professor Wilson ( Christopher North), and Tannahill were born here.

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