Part 251 (2/2)
IGNATIEFF, NICHOLAS, Russian general and diplomatist, born at St.
Petersburg; was amba.s.sador at Pekin in 1859, and at Constantinople in 1864, and secured at both posts important concessions to Russia; he is a zealous Panslavist and Anti-Semite, too much so to carry with him the support of the country; _b_. 1832.
IGNATIUS, FATHER, the name by which the Rev. Joseph Lyne is known, born in London, educated at St. Paul's School and Glenalmond; commenced a movement to introduce monasticism into the Church of England, and built a monastery for monks and nuns near Llanthony Abbey, the members of which follow the rule and wear the garb of the Order of St. Benedict; _b_.
1837.
IGNATIUS, ST., surnamed Theophoros, an Apostolic Father of the Church, Bishop of Antioch; died a martyr at Rome about 115, by exposure to wild beasts, in the amphitheatre; is represented in Christian art as accompanied by lions, or exposed to them chained; left epistles which, if genuine as we have them, establish prelacy as the order of government in the primitive Church, and lay especial stress on the twofold nature of Christ.
IGNATIUS LOYOLA. See LOYOLA.
IGNORANTINES, a Jesuit a.s.sociation in the Roman Catholic Church founded in 1724, who give instruction to poor children gratis, with the object of winning them over to the Catholic faith.
IHRE, JOHAN, a learned Swedish philologist, born at Lund, of Scotch descent; was 40 years professor of Rhetoric and Political Economy at Upsala, and was the founder of Swedish philology (1707-1780).
ILE DE FRANCE, the province of France of which Paris is the capital; was also formerly the name of Mauritius.
ILE DU DIABLE, an island off the coast of French Guiana, where Captain Dreyfus was confined.
ILFRACOMBE, a popular watering-place on the coast of N. Devon, in the Bristol Channel; once a considerable place.
ILIAD, the great epic poem of Homer, consisting of 24 books, the subject of which is the ”wrath of ACHILLES” (q. v.), and the events which followed during the last year of the ten years' Trojan War, so called from ILION, one of the names of Troy. See ILIUM.
ILITHYIA, the Greek G.o.ddess who presided over the travail of woman at childbirth, promoting or r.e.t.a.r.ding the birth as the Fates might ordain.
ILIUM, TROY (q. v.), so called from Ilus, the son of Tros, who founded the city.
ILLINOIS (3,826), an American State as large as England and Wales; has the Mississippi for its western, the Ohio for its southern boundary, with Wisconsin and Lake Michigan in the N. and Indiana on the E.; fourth in population, seventeenth in area; ”the Prairie State” is level, well watered, and extremely fertile; has a climate subject to extremes, but, except in the swamps, healthy. It produces enormous quant.i.ties of wheat, besides other cereals, of tobacco and temperate fruits. Flour-milling, pork-packing, and distilling are the chief industries. The most extensive coal-deposits in America are in this State; with navigable rivers on its borders, and traversing it Lake Michigan, a great ca.n.a.l, and the largest railway system in the Union, it is admirably situated for commercial development; originally acquired by Britain from the French, who entered it from Canada; it was ceded to the Americans in 1783, and admitted to the Union 1818; the State spends $12,000,000 annually on education, which is compulsory, and has a large and wealthy scientific and agricultural university at Urbana. Springfield (25) is the capital; but Chicago (1,100) is the largest city.
ILLUMINATED DOCTOR, a t.i.tle bestowed on RAYMOND LULLY (q. v.).
ILLUMINATI, a cla.s.s or fraternity of people who affect superior enlightenment, particularly on religious and social matters, tending of late in the one to Deism, and in the other to Republicanism, in France forming a body of materialists, and in Germany a body of idealists; the former to the disparagement of ideas, and the latter to the disparagement of reason, and both hostile to the Church.
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