Part 120 (2/2)

CHAUMETTE, PIERRE GASPARD, a violent member of the extreme party in the French Revolution, could ”recognise the suspect from the very face of them”; provoked the disgust of even Robespierre, and was arrested amid jeers and guillotined (1763-1794).

CHAUTAUQUA, a summer resort on a lake of the name in the W. of New York State, centre of a novel inst.i.tution, which prescribes a four years'

course of private readings, and grants diplomas to those who anywhere achieve it.

CHAUVINISM, a name among the French for what is known as Jingoism among the English, i. e. an extravagant zeal for the glory of one's country or party, from one _Chauvin_, who made threatening displays of his devotion to Napoleon after his fall in 1815.

CHEDDAR, a village in Somersets.h.i.+re, on the Mendip Hills, famous for its cheese.

CHEKE, SIR JOHN, a zealous Greek scholar, born at Cambridge, and first regius professor of Greek there; did much to revive in England an interest in Greek and Greek literature; was tutor to Edward VI., who granted him landed estates; favouring the cause of Lady Jane Grey on the accession of Mary, left the country, was seized, and sent back; for fear of the stake abjured Protestantism, but never forgave himself, and died soon after; he introduced the mode of p.r.o.nouncing Greek prevalent in England (1514-1557).

CHELMSFORD (11), the county town of Ess.e.x, on the Chelmer.

CHELSEA (96), a western suburb of London, on the N. of the Thames; famous for its hospital for old and disabled soldiers, and the place of residence of sundry literary celebrities, among others Sir Thomas More, Swift, Steele, and Carlyle.

CHELTENHAM (49), a healthy watering-place and educational centre in Gloucesters.h.i.+re; first brought into repute as a place of fas.h.i.+onable resort by the visits of George III. to it; contains a well-equipped college, where a number of eminent men have been educated.

CHELYUSKIN, CAPE, in Siberia, the most northerly point in the Eastern hemisphere.

CHEMICAL AFFINITY, the tendency elementary bodies have to combine and remain in combination.

CHEMISM, in the Hegelian philosophy ”the mutual attraction, interpenetration, and neutralisation of independent individuals which unite to form a whole.”

CHEMISTRY, the science that treats of elementary bodies and their combinations: _inorganic_, relating to physical compounds; _organic_, relating to vegetable and animal compounds.

CHEMNITZ (160), a manufacturing town in Saxony, called the ”Saxon Manchester,” at the foot of the Erzgebirge, in a rich mineral district; manufactures cottons, woollens, silks, machinery, &c.

CHEMNITZ, MARTIN, an eminent Lutheran theologian, born in Brandenburg, a disciple of Melanchthon; author of ”Loci Theologici,” a system of theology; took a leading part in procuring the adoption of the ”Formula of Concord”; his chief work ”Examen Concilii Tridentini”

(1522-1586).

CHEMOSH, the national G.o.d of the Moabites, akin to Moloch, and their stay in battle, but an abomination to the children of Jehovah.

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