Part 30 (1/2)

ANTIS'THENES, a Greek philosopher, a disciple of Socrates, the master of Diogenes, and founder of the Cynic school; affected to disdain the pride and pomp of the world, and was the first to carry staff and wallet as the badge of philosophy, but so ostentatiously as to draw from Socrates the rebuke, ”I see your pride looking out through the rent of your cloak, O Antisthenes.”

ANTI-TAURUS, a mountain range running NE. from the Taurus Mts.

ANTIUM, a town of Latium on a promontory jutting into the sea, long antagonistic to Rome, subdued in 333 B.C.; the beaks of its s.h.i.+ps, captured in a naval engagement, were taken to form a rostrum in the Forum at Home; it was the birthplace of Caligula and Nero.

ANTIVA'RI, a fortified seaport lately ceded to Montenegro.

ANTOf.a.gAS'TA (7), a rising port in Chile, taken from Bolivia after the war of 1879; exports silver ores and nitrate of soda.

ANTOMMAR'CHI, Napoleon's attached physician at St. Helena, wrote ”The Last Moments of Napoleon” (1780-1838).

ANTONELLI, CARDINAL, the chief adviser and Prime Minister of Pope Pius IX., accompanied the Pope to Gaeta, came back with him to Rome, acting as his foreign minister there, and offered a determined opposition to the Revolution; left immense wealth (1806-1876).

ANTONEL'LO, of Messina, Italian painter of the 15th century, introduced from Holland oil-painting into Italy (1414-1493).

ANTONI'NUS, ITINERARY OF, a valuable geographical work supposed of date 44 B.C.

ANTONI'NUS, Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor, successor to the following, and who surpa.s.sed him in virtue, being also of the Stoic school and one of its most exemplary disciples, was surnamed the ”philosopher,” and has left in his ”Meditations” a record of his religious and moral principles (121-180).

ANTONI'NUS PIUS, a Roman emperor, of Stoic principles, who reigned with justice and moderation from 138 to 161, during which time the Empire enjoyed unbroken peace.

ANTONI'NUS, WALL OF, an earthen rampart about 36 m. in length, from the Forth to the Clyde, in Scotland, as a barrier against invasion from the north, erected in the year 140 A.D.

ANTO'NIUS, MARCUS, a famous Roman orator and consul, slain in the civil war between Marius and Sulla, having sided with the latter (143-87 B.C.).

ANTO'NIUS, MARCUS (Mark Antony), grandson of the preceding and warm partisan of Caesar; after the murder of the latter defeated Brutus and Ca.s.sius at Philippi, formed a triumvirate with Octavius and Lepidus, fell in love with the famous Cleopatra, was defeated by Octavius in the naval battle of Actium, and afterwards killed himself (83-30 B.C.).

AN'TONY, ST., a famous anchorite of the Thebad, where from the age of thirty he spent 20 years of his life, in a lonely ruin by himself, resisting devils without number; left his retreat for a while to inst.i.tute monasteries, and so became the founder of monachism, but returned to die; festival, Jan. 17 (251-351).

ANTONY OF PADUA, a Minorite missionary to the Moors in Africa; preached to the fishes, who listened to him when no one else would; the fishes came in myriads to listen, and shamed the pagans into conversion, says the fable; festival, June 13 (1195-1234)

ANTRAIGUES, COUNT D', one of the firebrands of the French Revolution; ”rose into furor almost Pythic; highest where many were high,” but veered round to royalism, which he at length intrigued on behalf of--to death by the stiletto (1765-1812).