Part 89 (1/2)

II The _Digest_, in fifty books, containing pertinent extracts from the opinions of celebrated Roman lawyers;

III The _Institutes_, in four books, being an elementary textbook on the law for the use of students;

IV The _Novellae_, or new Statutes, the final edition of which was issued in 565, and included the laws from 533 on This was preserved and used in the East, but came too late to be of much service to the Western Empire

[18] The subdivisions were as follows: I Contained 106 ”distinctions,”

relating to ecclesiastical persons and affairs II Contained 36 ”distinctions,” relating to proble in the administration of canon law III Contained 5 ”distinctions,” relating to the ritual and sacraments of the Church

[19] The additions were:

I The _Decretals_ of Pope Gregory IX, issued in 1234, in five books

II A Supplement to the above by Pope Boniface VIII (_Liber sextus_), issued in 1298

III The _Constitutions_ of Clementine, issued in 1317

IV Several additions of Papal Laws, not included in any of the above

[20] He held that the body contained four hum, yellow bile, and black bile Disease was caused by an undue accumulation of some one of the four Hence the office of the physician was to reduce this accu, blisters, diaphoretics, etc In theroom was a part of the establishment, and this practice was continued until well into the nineteenth century

[21] Galen was born at Pergan of the Eamon, S to Pergaymnasium there He later went back to Rome and became physician to the Emperor Marcus Aurelius He is credited with five hundred works on literature, philosophy, and hteen of which have survived In y, therapeutics, iene, and dietetics

He was the first to use the pulse as a ustine, _The City of God_, book xxii, chap 24

[23] Often spoken of as Constantius Africanus It is recorded that he studied the arts in Babylon, visited Egypt and India, and returned to his hoe Suspected of dealings with the Devil he fled to Salernuht there for many years, published many medical works of his own, and finally retired to thethere in 1087

[24] In 1064 a company of seven thousand is said to have started for the Holy Land

[25] Adaes_, 2d ed, p 261

[26] ”From Clermont the enthusias preachers, whereof the most notable was Peter the Her It was the old gospel of Mohauise:--pardon for sin and the spoils of the infidel if victorious!--a swift road to heaven if slain in the battle! Pressed with this hope and enthusiasm, armies to be reckoned by the hundreds of thousands were launched upon the East” (Davis, W S, _Mediaeval and Modern Europe_, p 95)

[27] Of the thousands of petty lords and knights ent to the hot East, clad in the heavy ar the way or in the Syrian sands, and the landholdings at ho blow to the old feudal regime, advanced the cause of civilization, and helped in the rise of the land, whose knights went in large nuhts and nobles, as a class, refused to have anything to do with the Crusades, and hence they were not killed off or impoverished, but remained to rule and multiply and be troublesoreater strength of French than German nationality, and one reason why Gerland in developing a democratic type of civilization

[28] ”As presented to the eye, a typical ht Its extent would be small, both because of the li the circuit of the walls to be defended as short as possible; but within these walls the huge, ether The narrow streets would be dirty and ill-paved--often beset by pigs in lieu of scavengers; but everywhere there would be bustling hu close to everybody else Out of the foul streets here and there would rise parish churches of marvelous architecture, and in the center of the town extended the great square--market-place--where the open-airthe lesser churches, the tall gray cathedral-- the pride of the coant secular edifice, where the council reat public feasts could take place, and above which rose the reat alar, or to don armor and man the walls” (Davis, W S, _Mediaeval and Modern Europe_, p 146)

[29] In Italy, in particular, the cities beca and powerful, and eventually overthrew the rule of the bishops and defeated the Ger battle to preserve their independence In Flanders such cities as Ypres, Bruges, and Ghent, cahers defeated the French army; and in the sixteenth century they helped to break the autocratic power of Spain in a great struggle for hu, Lubeck, Bre were important commercial cities in Germany

[30] They ca proclivities, Venice forbade her o to thees that the old prayer-books contained for to cross a bridge”