Part 43 (1/2)

[276-C] Ibid. p. 168.

[276-D] Ibid. p. 187.

[277-A] Geol. Soc. Proceedings, vol. iii. p. 157. 1839.

[277-B] Geol. Trans. Second Series, vol. v. p. 511.

[278-A] Geol. Trans., Second Series, vol. i. pl. 49.

[278-B] Conybeare and De la Beche. Geol. Trans.; and Buckland, Bridgew. Treat., p. 203.

[278-C] Quart. Geol. Journ. vol. ii. p. 411.

[279-A] +Amblys+, _amblys_, blunt; and +rhygchos+, _rhynchus_, snout.

[280-A] Darwin's Journal, chap. xix.

[280-B] Bridgew. Treat., p. 125.

[281-A] Geological Researches, p. 334.

[281-B] Buckland, Bridgew. Treat., p. 307.

[281-C] Ibid.

[281-D] See Principles, _Index_, Lancerote, Graham Island, Calabria.

[281-E] A History of Fossil Insects, &c. 1845. London.

[282-A] Tableau des Veg. Fos. 1849, p. 105.

[283-A] Con. and Phil., p. 166.

[283-B] Geol. Researches, p. 337.

[283-C] Burat's D'Aubuisson, tom. ii. p. 456.

[285-A] See description of the coal-field by the author, and the plants by C. J. F. Bunbury, Esq., Quart. Geol. Journ., vol. iii. p. 281.

CHAPTER XXII.

TRIAS OR NEW RED SANDSTONE GROUP.

Distinction between New and Old Red Sandstone--Between Upper and Lower New Red--The Trias and its three divisions--Most largely developed in Germany--Keuper and its fossils--Muschelkalk--Fossil plants of Bunter--Tria.s.sic group in England--Bone-bed of Axmouth and Aust--Red Sandstone of Warwicks.h.i.+re and Ches.h.i.+re--Footsteps of _Chirotherium_ in England and Germany--Osteology of the _Labyrinthodon_--Identification of this Batrachian with the Chirotherium--Origin of Red Sandstone and Rock-salt--Hypothesis of saline volcanic exhalations--Theory of the precipitation of salt from inland lakes or lagoons--Saltness of the Red Sea--New Red Sandstone in the United States--Fossil footprints of birds and reptiles in the Valley of the Connecticut--Antiquity of the Red Sandstone containing them.

Between the Lias and the Coal, or Carboniferous group, there is interposed, in the midland and western counties of England, a great series of red loams, shales, and sandstones, to which the name of the New Red Sandstone formation was first given, to distinguish it from other shales and sandstones called the ”Old Red” (_c_, fig. 318.), often identical in mineral character, which lie immediately beneath the coal (_b_).

[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 318. Cross section.

_a._ New red sandstone.