Part 29 (1/2)

[189] ”Poland to support NATO multinational cyber defence initiative,” NATO C3 Agency, March 28, 2011, accessed August 31, 2011, /2011/07/01/south-korea-cyber-warfare-university/.

Russian Federation

See Chapter 15.

Singapore

In October 2009 Singapore established the Singapore Infocomm Technology Security Authority (SITSA), which was designed to be the national specialist authority in safeguarding the country against cyber threats. SITSA is structured under the Ministry of Home Affairs Internal Security Department. The agency will improve upon the current cyber defense capabilities by coordinating with private sector businesses. In addition, the authority will conduct simulations and exercises to strengthen the country's cyber security by training with real-world evolving threats.[193]

[193] Dawn Tay, ”Govt sets up cyber-security agency,” AsiaOne News, October 1, 2009, accessed August 31, 2011, /News/AsiaOne+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20091001-171044.html.

South Africa

In February 2010 the South African Department of Communication (DOC) released a draft policy on cyber security. The draft not only outlined the DOC's intentions to enhance cyber security in all facets of the country, but also to increase collaboration with state-run security centers. To accomplish this, the DOC proposed the creation of a National Cyber Security Advisory Council. The major downfall of the draft is the lack of incentives to private sector companies to implement new cyber security regulations.[194]

In June 2011 South Africa agreed to work with China to combat crime. Most of the dialogue, however, focused on cyber crime. China and South Africa plan to share intelligence to expose criminal networks and activities. Through the agreement, they will share criminal intelligence, but it also inadvertently gives the Chinese access to Internet-based information gathering. This is likely the main reason Chinese intelligence officials are working with South Africa.[195]

[194] ”Draft cyber policy welcomed but criticised in South Africa,” Balancing Act Africa, February 26, 2010, accessed August 31, 2011, /news/en/issue-no-493/internet/draft-cyber-policy-w/en.

[195] Jackie Cameron, ”China, South Africa dodgy crime partners.h.i.+p,” MoneyWeb, China Perspectives, June 9, 2011, accessed August 31, 2011, munication firm Telia Sonera, which operates the most critical part of the European cyber infrastructure. Sweden's critical role in the US NIP has earned it an inner-circle members.h.i.+p in the defense exercise Cyber Storm, which simulates attacks by terrorists and hostile states on the cyber infrastructure.[197]

[196] ”Baltic Cyber s.h.i.+eld to train technical skills for countering cyber attacks,” NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, May 3, 2010, accessed August 31, 2011, munications infrastructure, and our related research on electronic anti-virus software and Internet defense products all being up to world-cla.s.s level.[198]

In fact, Taiwan has a history of producing high-quality malware dating back to 1990, before the PRC had its own Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA).

[198] Emily O Goldman and Thomas G. Mahnken, The Information Revolution in Military Affairs in Asia (Palgrave Macmillan), p. 156.

Turkey

Turkey conducted cyber terror drills in January 2011. The second attack drills involved 39 Turkish national and private inst.i.tutions. The drill was primarily designed to coordinate cyber response among the diverse inst.i.tutions.[199] In June 2011 Turkey announced the formation of Internet filter laws, which will require Internet users in Turkey to use government-provided Internet filters. The hacking group Anonymous attacked government websites in response to these new laws, and Turkish police arrested 32 suspected members of Anonymous.[200]

In March 2011 Turkey established the first of three core commands that will serve as Turkey's Cyber Command in the office of the General Staff. The entire command, modeled largely after the United States' Cyber Command, has experienced major delays due to organizational issues. The current established team has eight computer engineers with specialized cyber security training.[201]