Part 57 (1/2)

(1) No miser is a true friend, for he does not a.s.sist his friend with his purse.

(2) Governments are good which promote prosperity.

The government of Burmah does not promote prosperity.

.'. It is not a good government.

(3) Land is not property.

Land produces barley.

.'. Beer is intoxicating.

(4) Nothing is property but that which is the product of man's hand.

The horse is not the product of man's hand.

.'. The horse is not property.

(5) Some Europeans at least are not Aryans, because the Finns are not.

(6) Saturn is visible from the earth, and the moon is visible from the earth. Therefore the moon is visible from Saturn.

(7) Some men of self-command are poor, and therefore some n.o.ble characters are poor.

(8) Sparing the rod spoils the child: so John will turn out very good, for his mother beats him every day.

(9) Some effects of labour are not painful, since every virtue is an effect of labour.

(10) The courageous are confident and the experienced are confident. Therefore the experienced are courageous.

(11) No tale-bearer is to be trusted, and therefore no great talker is to be trusted, for all tale-bearers are great talkers.

(12) Socrates was wise, and wise men alone are happy: therefore Socrates was happy.

II.

1. From the major 'No matter thinks' draw, by supplying the minor, the following conclusions--

(1) Some part of man does not think.

(2) The soul of man is not matter.

(3) Some part of man is not matter.

(4) Some substance does not think.

Name the figured mood into which each syllogism falls.

2. Construct syllogisms in the following moods and figures, stating whether they are valid or invalid, and giving your reasons in each case--

AEE in the first figure; EAO in the second; IAI in the third; AII in the fourth.