Part 21 (1/2)

[36] _Ibid._, 127-130.

[37] _Ibid._, ch. VIII, 134.

[38] _Ibid._, 135.

[39] See p. 118. This _Treatise_ was first published in 1655. Four years later, in 1659, he published _A True and faithful Relation of what pa.s.sed ... between Dr. John Dee, ... and some spirits_. In the preface to this he announced his intention of writing the work which he later published as _Of Credulity and Incredulity_.

[40] In pa.s.sing we must mention Richard Farnworth, who in 1655 issued a pamphlet called _Witchcraft Cast out from the Religious Seed and Israel of G.o.d_. Farnworth was a Quaker, and wrote merely to warn his brethren against magic and sorcery. He never questioned for a moment the facts of witchcraft and sorcery, nor the Devil's share in them. As for the witches, they were doomed everlastingly to the lake of fire.

[41] _Daemonologie and Theologie. The first, the Malady ..., The Second, The Remedy_ (London, 1650).

[42] _Ibid._, 42.

[43] _Ibid._, 16.

[44] See the Introduction to the _Advertis.e.m.e.nt_.

[45] Filmer noted further that the Septuagint translates the Hebrew word for witch as ”an Apothecary, a Druggister, one that compounds poysons.”

[46] London, 1656.

[47] In Ady's second edition, _A Perfect Discovery of Witches_ (1661), 134, Gaule's book having meanwhile come into his hands, he speaks of Gaule as ”much inclining to the Truth” and yet swayed by traditions and the authority of the learned. He adds, ”Mr. Gaule, if this work of mine shall come to your hand, as yours hath come to mine, be not angry with me for writing G.o.d's Truth.”

[48] ”... few men or women being tied hand and feet together can sink quite away till they be drowned” (_Candle in the Dark_, 100); ”... very few people in the World are without privie Marks” (_Ibid._, 127).

[49] _Ibid._, 129.

[50] In giving ”The Reason of the Book” he wrote, ”The Grand Errour of these latter Ages is ascribing power to Witches.”

[51] See a recent discussion of a nearly related topic by Professor Elmer Stoll in the _Publications_ of the Modern Language a.s.sociation, XXII, 201-233. Of the att.i.tude of the English dramatists before Shakespeare something may be learned from Mr. L. W. Cushman's _The Devil and the Vice in the English Dramatic Literature before Shakespeare_ (Halle, 1900).

[52] About 1622 or soon after.

[53] See, for instance, Mr. W. S. Johnson's introduction to his edition of _The Devil is an a.s.s_ (New York, 1905).

[54] 1634. This play was written, of course, in cooperation with Brome; see above, pp. 158-160. For other expressions of Heywood's opinions on witchcraft see his _Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels_, 598, and his [Greek: GYNAIKEION]: _or Nine Books of Various History concerning Women_ (London, 1624), lib. viii, 399, 407, etc.

[55] Act I, scene 1.

[56] In another part of the same scene: ”They that thinke so dreame,”

_i. e._ they who believe in witchcraft.

[57] First published in 1621--I use, however, s.h.i.+lleto's ed. of London, 1893, which follows that of 1651-1652; see pt. I, sect. II, memb. I, sub-sect. 3.

[58] James Howell, _Familiar Letters_, II, 548.

[59] His _Advice to a Son_, first published in 1656-1658, went through edition after edition. It is very entertaining. His strongly enforced advice not to marry made a sensation among young Oxford men.

[60] _Works of Francis...o...b..rne_ (London, 1673), 551-553.