Part 16 (1/2)

Thus ap (as quoted above) is p - ?, or p; whilst pa (sounded similarly) is p - p, or ?

In the formation of syllables, I consider that the sound of breath arrested belongs to the first, and the sound of breath escaping to the second syllable; that if each sound were expressed by a separate sign, the word _happy_ would be divided thus, _hap-?y_; and that such would be the case with all consonants between two syllables The _whole_ consonant belongs neither to one syllable nor the other Half of it belongs to each The reduplication of the p in _happy_, the t in _pitted_, &c, is a

CHAPTER VI

ON QUANtitY

-- 136 The dependent vowels, as the a in _fat_, i in _fit_, u in _but_, o in _not_, have the character of being uttered with rapidity, and they pass quickly in the enunciation, the voice not resting on them This rapidity of utterance becoed sounds of the a in _fate_, ee in _feet_, oo in _book_, or o in _note_; wherein the utterance is retarded, and wherein the voice rests, delays, or is prolonged The f and t of _fate_ are separated by a longer interval than the f and t of _fat_; and the same is the case with _fit_, _feet_, &c

Let the n and the t of _not_ be each as 1, the o also being as 1; then each letter, consonant or vowel, shall constitute ? of the whole word

Let, however, the n and the t of _note_ be each as 1, the o being as 2

Then, instead of each consonant constituting ? of the whole word, it shall constitute but

Upon the coed, the division of vowels and syllables into _long_ and _short_ has been established: the o in _note_ being long, the o in _not_ being short And the longness or shortness of a vowel or syllable is said to be its _quantity_

-- 137 Attention is directed to the word _vowel_ The longness or shortness of a _vowel_ is one thing The longness or shortness of a _syllable_ another This difference is ilish with the classical ; and long it remains, whether it stand as it is, or be followed by a consonant, as in _see-n_, or by a vowel, as in _see-ing_

The vowel in the word _sit_ is short If followed by a vowel it becomes unpronounceable, except as the ea in _seat_ or the i in _sight_ By a consonant, however, it _may_ be followed Such is the case in the word quoted--_sit_ Followed by a _second_ consonant, it still retains its shortness, eg, _sits_ Whatever the coth of the _syllables_, _see_ and _seen_, _sit_ and _sits_, th of their respective _vowels_ is the same

Now, if we determine the character of the syllable by the character of the vowel, all syllables are short wherein there is a short vowel, and all are long wherein there is a long one Hence, measured by the quantity of the vowel, the word _sits_ is short, and the syllable _see-_ in _seeing_ is long

-- 138 But it is well known that this view is not the view co_) and _sits_ It is well known, that, in the eyes of a classical scholar, the _see_ (in _seeing_) is short, and that in the word _sits_ the i is long

The classic differs frolishth of the vowel, but by the length of the syllable taken altogether_ The perception of this distinction enables us to co by nature may _appear_ to become short by position, and _vice versa_

b That, by a laxity of language, the _vowel_ ed its quantity, whilst it is the _syllable_ alone that has been altered

c That if one person measures his quantities by the vowels, and another by the syllables, what is short to the one, shall be long to the other, and _vice versa_ The same is the case with nations

d That one of the lish and the classical languages is that the quantities (as far as they go) of the first are measured by the vowel, those of the latter by the syllable To a Roman the word _ one; to an Englishman it contains three short syllables

CHAPTER VII

ON ACCENT

-- 139 In the word _tyrant_ there is an emphasis, or stress, upon the first syllable In the word _presume_ there is an emphasis, or stress, on the second syllable This emphasis, or stress, is called _accent_ The circu an accent is sometimes expressed by a mark ('); in which case the word is said to be accentuated, ie, to have the accent signified in writing

Words accented on the last syllable--_Brigade_, _pretence_, _harpoon_, _relieve_, _deter_, _assuht_, _bereft_, _before_, _abroad_, _abode_, _abstruse_, _intermix_, _superadd_, _cavalier_

Words accented on the last syllable but one--_An'chor_, _ar'gue_, _hasten_, _father_, _foxes_, _sel_, _bespatter_, _disable_, _terrific_

Words accented on the last syllable but two--_Reg'ular_, _an'tidote_, _for'tify_, _susceptible_, _incontrovertible_

Words accented on the last syllable but three (rare)--_Receptacle_, _regulating_, _talkativeness_, _absolutely_, _lureat nuuished by the difference of accent alone