Part 8 (1/2)

-- 72 _The Anglo-Saxon_--This is not noticed here, because, froe, it is hout

-- 73 _The Danish, or Norse_--The pirates that pillaged Britain, under the name of Danes, were not exclusively the inhabitants of Denmark Of the three Scandinavian nations, the Swedes took the least share, the Norwegians the greatest, in these invasions

The language of the three nations was the sa differences of dialect It was that which is now spoken in Iceland, having been once common to Scandinavia and Denuage, under the reign of Canute and his sons, may be called the _direct_ Danish element, in contradistinction to the _indirect_ Danish of -- 76

The deterlish is difficult It is not difficult to prove a word _Scandinavian_; but, then, we must also show that it is not Gerainst the doctrine that there was land At present, the tendency is rather the other way The following facts are from Mr

Garnett--”Phil Trans” vol i

1 The Saxon name of the present town of _Whitby_ in Yorkshi+re was _Streoneshalch_ The present name _Whitby_, _Hvitby_, or _Whitetown_, is Danish

2 The Saxon na_ The present name is Danish

3 The termination -by = _town_ is Norse

4 On aof Yorkshi+re, referred to the age of Edward the Confessor, is found the following inscription:--

_Ulf_ het araeran cyrice _for hanum_ and for Gunthara saula

”Ulf bid rear the church for him and for the soul of Gunthar”

Now, in this inscription, _Ulf_, in opposition to the Anglo-Saxon _Wulf_, is a Norse forlo-Saxon one--Old Norse _hanum_, Swedish _honon of the infinitive ular prefix in Icelandic, Danish, Swedish, and Feroic It is also found in the northern dialects of the Old English, and in the particular dialect of Westmoreland at the present day

6 The use of _suive oure detturs

7 Isolated words in the northern dialects are Norse rather than Saxon

_Provincial_ _Common Dialect_ _Norse_

Braid _Rese_ Eld, _Dan_ Force _Waterfall_ Fors, _D Swed_ Gar _Make_ Gora, _Swed_ Gill _Ravine_ Gil, _Iceland_ Greet _Weep_ Grata, _Iceland_ Ket _Carrion_ Kiod--flesh, _Dan_ Lait _Seek_ Lede, _Dan_ Lathe _Barn_ Lade, _Dan_ Lile _Little_ Lille, _Dan_

-- 74 _Roman of the second period_--Of the Latin introduced under the Christianised Saxon sovereigns, many words are extant They relate chiefly to ecclesiastical matters, just as the Latin of the Celtic period bore upon military affairs _Mynster_, a minster, _monasterium_; _portic_, a porch, _porticus_; _cluster_, a cloister, _claustrum_; _munuc_, a monk, _monachus_; _bisceop_, a bishop, _episcopus_; _arcebisceop_, archbishop, _archiepiscopus_; _sanct_, a saint, _sanctus_; _profost_, a provost, _propositus_; _pall_, a pall, _pallium_; _calic_, a chalice, _calix_; _candel_, a candle, _candela_; _psalter_, a psalter, _psalterium_; _maesse_, a mass, _missa_; _pistel_, an epistle, _epistola_; _praedic-ian_, to preach, _praedicare_; _prof-ian_, to prove, _probare_

The following are the nan plants and animals:--_camell_, a ca-tree, _ficus_; _feferfuge_, feverfew, _febrifuga_; _peterselige_, parsley, _petroselinuin, as _pipor_, pepper, _piper_; _purpur_, purple, _purpura_; _pumicstan_, pumicestone, _pumex_

This is the Latin of the second, or Saxon period

-- 75 _The Anglo-Norman element_--For practical purposes we lo-Nore after the battle of Hastings, AD 1066

Previous, however, to that period we find notices of intercourse between the two countries

1 The residence in England of Louis Outrehter of Richard Duke of Normandy, and the two children were sent to Normandy for education

3 Edward the Confessor is particularly stated to have encouraged French ulphus of Croydon speaks of his own knowledge of French