Part 5 (1/2)

1 The affinities of the ancient language of Gaul

2 The affinities of the Pictish language or dialect

-- 62 _The ancient language of Gaul Cae of Gaul being Ca facts:--

The old Gallic glosses are more Welsh than Gaelic

a _Petorritue_, from the Welsh, _peder_ = _four_, and _rhod_ = _a wheel_ The Gaelic for _four_ is _ceathair_, and the Gaelic compound would have been different

b _Pempedula_, the _cinque-foil_, from the Welsh _pump_ = _five_, and _dalen_ = _a leaf_ The Gaelic for _five_ is _cuig_, and the Gaelic compound would have been different

c _Candetum_ = a measure of 100 feet, from the Welsh _cant_ = 100 The Gaelic for _a hundred_ is _cead_, and the Gaelic compound would have been different

d _Epona_ = _the Goddess of horses_ In the old Armorican the root _ep_ = _horse_ The Gaelic for a horse is _each_

e The evidence froraphical localities in Gaul, both ancient and oes the same way: _Nantuates_, _Nantouin_, _Nanteuil_, are derived from the Welsh _nant_ = _a valley_, a word unknown in Gaelic

f The evidence of certain French provincial words, which are Welsh and Armorican rather than Erse or Gaelic

-- 63 _The Pictish most probably Ca Ca facts:

a When St Coluue was Irish Gaelic, he used an interpreter This shows the _difference_ between the Pict and Gaelic What follows shows the affinity between the Pict and Welsh

b A manuscript in the Colbertine library contains a list of Pictish kings from the fifth century doards These names are more Welsh than Gaelic

_Taran_ = _thunder_ in Welsh _Uven_ is the Welsh _Owen_ The first syllable in _Talorg_ ( = _forehead_) is the _tal_ in _Talhaiarn_ = _iron forehead_, _Taliessin_ = _splendid forehead_, Welsh naust_ than to the Irish _Fergus_ Finally, _Drust_, _Drostan_, _Wrad_, _Necton_, closely resemble the Welsh _Trwst_, _Trwstan_, _Gwriad_, _Nwython_ _Cineod_ and _Domhnall_ (_Kenneth_ and _Donnell_) are the only true Erse forms in the list

c The only Pictish common name extant is the well-known compound _pen val_, which is, in the oldest MS of Beda, _peann fahel_ This means _caput valli_, and is the name for the eastern termination of the Vallu _head_ It is an impossible form in Gaelic _Fal_, on the other hand, is apparently Gaelic, the Welsh for a _rawall_ _Fal_, however, occurs in Welsh also, and means _inclosure_

The evidence just indicated is rendered nearly conclusive by an interpolation, apparently of the twelfth century, of the Durham MS of Nennius, whereby it is stated that the spot in question was called in Gaelic _Cenail_ Now Cenail is the modern name _Kinneil_, and it is also a Gaelic translation of the Pict _pen val_, since _cean_ is the Gaelic for _head_, and _fhail_ for _rampart_ or _wall_ If the older form were Gaelic, the substitution, or translation, would have been superfluous

d The name of the _Ochil Hills_ in Perthshi+re is better explained froh_, than from the Gaelic _uasal_

e Bryneich, the British form of the province Bernicia, is better explained by the Welsh _bryn_ = _ridge_ (_hilly country_), than by any word in Gaelic--Garnett, in ”Transactions of Philological Society”

CHAPTER VII

THE ANGLO-NORMAN, AND THE LANGUAGES OF THE CLassICAL STOCK

-- 64 The languages of Greece and Ro to one and the same stock