Part 12 (1/2)

The hollow cone end _m_ of _I_ should also be hardened, but this is best done after the hollow cone is turned in The hardening of both ends should only be at the tips The sliding center _I_ can be held in the V-shaped groove by two light friction springs, as indicated at the dotted lines _s s_, Fig 115, or a flat plate of No 24 or 25 sheet brass of the size of _H_ can be es 116 and 117, where _o_ represents the plate of No 24 brass, _p p_ the s screw to fasten _I_ in position It will be found that the two light springs _s s_, Fig 115 will be the s, shown at _L_, will aid inthe device set steady The pillar _E_ is provided with the same slides and other parts as described and illustrated as attached to _D_

The position of the pillars _D_ and _E_ are indicated at Fig 110

[Illustration: Fig 117]

[Illustration: Fig 118]

We will next tell how to flatten _F_ to keep _H_ exactly vertical To aid in explanation, ill show (enlarged) at Fig 118 the bar _F_ shown in Fig 109 In flattening such pieces to prevent turning, we should cut away about two-fifths, as shown at Fig 119, which is an end view of Fig 118 seen in the direction of the arrow _c_ In such flattening we should not only cut ao-fifths at one end, but we must preserve this proportion froe of sheet120

[Illustration: Fig 119]

ESCAPEMENT MATCHING DEVICE DESCRIBED

[Illustration: Fig 120]

In practical construction we first file away about two-fifths of _F_ and then grind the flat side on a glass slab to a flat, even surface and, of course, equal thickness fro 113 as if seen from the left and in the direction of the axis of the bar _F_ To prevent the bar _F_ turning on its axis, we insert in the sleeve _G_ a piece of wire of the same size as _F_ but with three-fifths cut away, as shown at _y_, Fig 121 This piece _y_ is soldered in the sleeve _G_ so its flat face stands vertical To give service and efficiency to the screw _h_, we thicken the side of the sleeve _F_ by adding the stud _w_, through which the screw _h_ works A soft oes between the screw _h_ and the bar _F_, to prevent _F_ being cut up and marred It will be seen that we can place the top plate of a full-plate109 and set the vertical centers _I_ so the cone points _n_ will rest in the pivot holes of the escape wheel and pallets It is to be understood that the lower side of the top plate is placed upper 121]

Ifreverse the ends of the centers _I_ and let the pivots of the escape wheel and pallet staff rest in the hollow cones of these centers _I_, we have the escape wheel and pallets in precisely the same position and relation to each other as if the lower plate was in position It is further to be supposed that the balance is in place and the cock screwed down, although the presence of the balance is not absolutely necessary if the banking screws are set as directed, that is, so the jewel pin will just freely pass in and out of the fork

HOW TO SET PALLET STONES

We have now co the pallet stones so they will act in exact conjunction with the fork and roller To do this we need to have the shellac which holds the pallet stones heated enough to make it plastic The usual way is to heat a piece of metal and place it in close proximity to the pallets, or to heat a pair of pliers and clamp the pallet arms to soften the cement

Of course, it is understood that the move manipulated The better way is to set the lass or metal, so that the holder will not jostle about; then set the lamp so it will do its duty, and after a little practice the setting of a pair of pallet stones to perfectly perform their functions will take but a few minutes In fact, if the stones will answer at all, three to five minutes is as much time as one could well devote to the adjustment The reader will see that if the lever is properly banked all he has to do is to set the stones so the lock, draw and drop are right, when the entire escapement is as it should be, and will need no further trial or

CHAPTER II

THE CYLINDER ESCAPEMENT

There is always incombination of principles and relations of parts known as ”theory” We often hear the reht in theory, but will not work in practice This stateiven mechanical device accords strictly with theory, it will coht practically _Mental conceptions_ of a machine are e may ters of a machine mentally conceived, we coms to scale, and add a specification stating the materials to be employed, we leave only the merest mechanical details to be carried out; the brain work is done and only finger work remains to be executed

With these preliminary remarks ill take up the consideration of the cylinder escapement invented by Robert Graham about the year 1720 It is one of the two so-called frictional rest dead-beat escape the duplex Usage, or, to put it in other words, experience derived from the actual manufacture of the cylinder escapement, settled the best foro Still, htly on certain lines, which are important for a man who repairs such watches to know and be able to carry out, in order to put them in a condition to perfor these lines which leaves the average watchmaker so much at sea He cuts and moves and shi+fts parts about to see if dumb luck will not supply the correction he does not kno to e does not consist so rind as it does in discri where such application of ht here let us ain later on The point of this remark lies in the question--How many of the so-called practical watchmakers could tell you what proportion of a cylinder should be cut away from the half shell? How many could explain the difference between the ”real” and ”apparent” lift? Cos is as ieon to understand the action of a man's heart or the relations of the muscles to the bones

ESSENTIAL PARTS OF THE CYLINDER ESCAPEMENT

The cylinder escapement is made up of two essential parts, viz: the escape wheel and the cylinder The cylinder escape wheel in all h Saunier, in his ”Modern Horology,”

delineates a twelve-tooth wheel for apparently no better reason than because it was more easily drawn We, in this treatise, will consider both the theoretical action and the practical construction, but h and coree on the names of the several parts of this escape drawings, in which Fig 122 is a side elevation of a cylinder co 123 shows the cylinder res 124 and 125 show the upper and lower plugs re 126 is a horizontal section of Fig 122 on the line _i_ Fig 127 is a side view of one tooth of a cylinder escape wheel as if seen in the direction of the arrow _f_ in Fig 126 Fig 128 is a top view of two teeth of a cylinder escape wheel The names of the several parts usually employed are as follows:

_A_--Upper or Main Shell

_A'_--Half Shell

_A''_--Column

_A'''_--Small Shell

_B B' B''_--Balance Collet