Part 78 (2/2)

=Index=: =F= Lieutenant-general of New France, 17. =Ch= Appointed viceroy of New France, 151; resigns, 168. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Pioneers of France_.

=Vercheres, Marie-Madeleine Jarret.= Born in 1678 in the fort on her father's seigniory on the St. Lawrence River, twenty miles below Montreal. In 1692 she heroically defended this fort, with the a.s.sistance of her two young brothers, two soldiers, and an old man of eighty. When the settlers were working in the fields, a band of Iroquois suddenly appeared and began their work of slaughter. Madeleine had barely time to reach the fort. She found everyone, including the two soldiers, demoralized, and, taking command, she ordered the little band to keep up constant firing. The Iroquois beseiged the fort for two days, but finally retired discomfited; and relief came from Montreal in another week. In 1706 she married Thomas Tarien de la Naudiere; and in 1722 De la Perrade. In her later years she received a pension for life. The date of her death is not known. =Index=: =F= Defends fort against Iroquois, 319. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_; Richard, _Supplement to Report on Canadian Archives_, 1899.

=Vergennes, Charles Gravier, Count de= (1717-1787). Born in Dijon.

Educated there at the Jesuit College. In 1740 entered the diplomatic service, being sent to Lisbon. In 1741 took part in the negotiations that resulted in the election to the empire of the elector of Bavaria, Charles VII. In 1752 attended the Congress of Hanover. From 1754 to 1768 amba.s.sador at Constantinople. In 1771-1774, when minister at the court of Sweden, supported the revolution in favour of Gustavus III. In 1774 appointed by the king of France, secretary of foreign affairs. Secretly aided the American Revolution with funds, arms, and stores, and arranged the treaty of alliance between the United States and France, 1778.

=Index=: =Dr= His letter in regard to Asgill, 199. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am.

Biog._

=Vergor, Duchambon de.= In command of Fort Beausejour, 1745. A confederate of the intendant Bigot; used his opportunities to plunder both the people and the government. Betrayed by Thomas Pichon and compelled to surrender the fort to Monckton. Returned to Quebec and censured for his actions. In command at Le Foulon, near Quebec, at the siege by Wolfe, 1759; surprised, and his command cut to pieces. =Index=: =WM= Placed by Bougainville in charge of Le Foulon, 178, 184; previously censured for giving up Fort Beausejour, 178; roused from sleep by Wolfe's soldiers, 181; wounded, 181. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Murdoch, _History of Nova Scotia_; _Selections from the Public Doc.u.ments of Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins; Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_.

_See also_ Siege of Quebec, 1759.

=Vermont.= =Dr= People of, anxious for ca.n.a.l communication with St.

Lawrence, 230; their aversion to entering American union, 244, 245; annoy British outposts, 285; anxious to bring about war for commercial reasons, 299; =Hd= Inhabitants of, claim separation from New York, 197-199; efforts to bring them back to their allegiance to Great Britain, 199-216; Was.h.i.+ngton's alleged threat, 205; exchange of prisoners with, 206; intention of inhabitants to join British in event of their success, 208; duplicity of their policy, 210; trade carried on with Canada, 216; received into Union as fourteenth state, 217; emissaries of, reappear as Loyalists, 266.

=Verrazano, Giovanni du.= Born near Florence, Italy, in 1470. Entered French marine service, 1495. Credited with visiting the coast of America, 1508. In 1523 sent by Francis I to explore to the westward. The following year arrived with La Dauphine off the coast of North America, and explored from Florida to Newfoundland, taking possession of the latter island in the name of the king of France. Landed at a point near Cape Fear, and discovered the bays of Narragansett and New York. Nothing is known of his latter years, beyond the fact that he was in Paris, at least as late as Dec. 24, 1527, fitting out an expedition of five s.h.i.+ps to sail the following March. Verrazano's claim to the discovery of the mouth of the Hudson, questioned by Murphy, has been re-established by the discovery in Rome of a hitherto unknown version of the explorer's report of his voyage. _See_ Bacchiani's article, with facsimile, in the _Bollettiano_ of the Italian Geographical Society, November, 1909.

=Index=: =Ch= His discovery of the coast of North America, 211. =Bib.=: Murphy, _Voyage of Verrazano_; De Costa, _Verrazano, the Explorer_.

=Verreau, Hospice-Anthelme Jean Baptiste= (1828-1901). Born at L'Islet, Quebec. Educated at Quebec Seminary, and a teacher there in 1847-1848.

In 1848-1856 princ.i.p.al of Ste. Therese College. In 1851 ordained priest.

In 1857 first princ.i.p.al of the Jacques Cartier Normal School in Montreal. Sent by the Quebec provincial government in 1873 to Europe to make investigations respecting Canadian history, the results of which were published in 1875. In 1887 appointed to the chair of Canadian history in Laval University. A fellow of the Royal Society of Canada; a member of the Societe des Antiquaires de Normandie; and a member of the Societe des Arcadem of Rome. =Index=: =L= On educational work of Marguerite Bourgeoys, 127. =F= On attempt to civilize the Indians, 168; on character of Frontenac, 360. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Versailles, Treaty of.= Signed between Great Britain and the rebellious thirteen colonies, 1783. Acknowledged the independence of the thirteen colonies; settled the boundaries between the latter and British North America; dealt with the fisheries question; and provided for amnesty to Loyalists and the restoration of their property. The colonies repudiating the last obligation, provision was made by the British government for compensation to the Loyalists, many of whom were given grants of land in Upper Canada, New Brunswick, and the Eastern Towns.h.i.+ps. =Index=: =WM= Concluded in 1783, 269; a.s.sured the independence of the thirteen colonies, 269. =S= Its provisions for protection of Loyalists, 52-54; not carried out in its integrity by the united colonies, 118. =Bib.=: Hertslet, _Treaties and Conventions_.

=Vesey, Colonel.= =Bk= Question of land grant for, 138; letters to Brock, 153, 154, 157.

=Vicaille.= =Ch= Vessel of David Kirke, 178.

=Victoria= (1819-1901). Granddaughter of George III, and only child of George III's fourth son, Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent, by Mary Louisa Victoria, daughter of the Duke of Saxe-Cobourg-Saalfield; born at Kensington Palace, May 24, 1819. Succeeded to the throne on the death of her uncle, William IV, 1837. Married to Prince Albert of Saxe-Cobourg 1840. =Index=: =Sy= Accession of, 48. =Md= Selects Ottawa (Bytown) as seat of government, 85; jubilee address to, 283. =Bib.=: Works: _Leaves from a Journal of our Life in the Highlands_; _Letters of Queen Victoria_; _Royal Correspondence_. For biog., _see_ Fawcett, _Life of Queen Victoria_; Gurney, _Childhood of Queen Victoria_; Holmes, _Queen Victoria_ Lee, _Queen Victoria: a Biography_; Oliphant, _Queen Victoria: a Personal Sketch_.

=Victoria.= Capital of British Columbia, and formerly capital of the colony of Vancouver Island. Founded in 1843 as Fort Camosun, afterwards Fort Victoria, the latter name in honour of the queen. The city was incorporated in 1862, and the old fort finally demolished, 1864.

=Index=: =D= Founded by James Douglas in 1843, 146; built on site of Indian village, known as Camosun, 175; McNeill's exploration, 1837, 176; Sir George Simpson's approval of the site, 176; Douglas examines locality, 1842, and reports favourably, 176; establishment of fort at Camosun approved, 176; advantages of the site, 177; Douglas sails, March 1, 1843, from Fort Vancouver with an expedition to establish the post, 177; lands at Clover Point, 177; site selected and building operations begun, 178; fort and stockade completed, 179; Charles Ross in command with Roderick Finlayson as a.s.sistant, 180; natives attack the fort, 182; early s.h.i.+pping, 183; name of port changed to Fort Victoria, 183; visit of frigate _America_, 183; American whalers touch at, for supplies, 184; H.M.S. _Constance_ arrives at Esquimalt, 184; visit of frigate _Fisguard_, 184; surveying s.h.i.+ps _Herald_ and _Pandora_, 184; trade gravitating from Fort Vancouver to Victoria, 184; farming operations, 185; dairying, 185; supplying Russian ports, 186; momentous events of 1849, final removal of chief emporium of company from Fort Vancouver to Victoria, 188; Helmcken, afterwards Douglas's son-in-law, arrives, 189; effect of gold discoveries, 189-190; coal mining, 190-191; the Hudson's Bay Company and colonization, 192-195; early settlers of, 196-197; town laid out in streets, 1852, 198; population in 1853, 198; during the gold fever, 224-225; gold-miners boom the town, 225; population rises and falls with the fortunes of the gold-fields, 271; proposed waterworks, building of wagon roads, education, first newspaper, _British Colonist_, 1858, 271. =Bib.=: Walbran, _British Columbia Coast Names_; Begg, _History of British Columbia_.

=Victoria Bridge.= At Montreal, over the St. Lawrence. Built by Robert Stephenson, for the Grand Trunk Railway, 1854-1859, at a total cost of $6,300,000. Opened by the Prince of Wales (afterwards King Edward VII), May 25, 1860. It was enlarged and remodelled in 1897. =Index=: =E= Built by Grand Trunk Railway, 115. =Md= Opened in 1860 by Prince of Wales, 87.

=Bib.=: _Ency. Brit._

=Victoria University.= In affiliation with the University of Toronto.

Formerly located at Cobourg, but later moved to Toronto. Founded in 1830; opened 1836. =Index=: =BL= Refuses to come into the provincial university, under terms of Baldwin's bill, 295. =R= Founded, 86; Ryerson president of, 126-127, 143; eminent graduates, 143-144; its curriculum, 144; legislative grant, 148. =E= Proposal to make it part of a provincial university, 94. =Bib.=: Burwash, _Historical Sketch of Victoria University_ in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 4.

=Vidal, Alexander= (1819-1906). Born at Brocknell, Berks.h.i.+re, England.

Educated at Christ's Hospital, London, and in 1834 came to Canada with his parents. Served in the militia during the Rebellion of 1837; and afterwards lieutenant-colonel of the Lambton Reserve militia; member of the Legislative Council for the St. Clair division, 1863-1867; in 1873 appointed to the Senate. President of the Dominion Alliance for the Suppression of the Liquor Traffic. =Index=: =B= His resolution in favour of prohibition, 249. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Viel, Father Nicolas.= =Ch= Recollet, 139; arrives and proceeds to Huron country, 149; drowned, 209. =L= Missionary labours of, 3.

=Vieux-Pont, Father.= =Ch= Jesuit, landed at Grand Cibou, 200; wrecked at Canseau Island, 200; in charge of Cape Breton, 237.

=Viger, Denis Benjamin= (1774-1861). Born in Montreal. Educated for the legal profession. Practised in Montreal for some years; and in 1808 elected to the Legislative a.s.sembly. Took an active part in the discussion of the grievances of the French Canadians, and in 1828 and 1831 sent as a delegate to London to represent their views to the Imperial authorities. In 1837, when the Rebellion broke out, arrested and charged with sedition, but soon afterwards released. In 1843, on the resignation of the La Fontaine-Baldwin government, premier for a short period. Appointed to the Legislative Council, 1848. =Index=: =BL= Member for Richelieu, relations with Reform party in Upper Canada, 79; opposes munic.i.p.al government, 102; attacks government, 130; deserts La Fontaine-Baldwin party, 215; in provisional government, 216, 235; his pamphlet, 236; president of the Council, 247; defeated by Wolfred Nelson, 252; Draper to throw him over, 259, 260, 261. =C= In Draper government, 17; opposed in election by Cartier, 17; defeated in St.

Hyacinthe, 18. =P= Delegate to England to present grievances of French Canadians, 63; at meeting of Const.i.tutional Committee, 1834, 88; ridiculed by the _Mercury_, 123; at St. Charles meeting, 1837, 125. =Md= Represents Lower Canada in Metcalfe's government, 19. =Bib.=: Bibaud, _Pan. Can._; Dent, _Last Forty Years_; Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.

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