Part 69 (2/2)

=Salaberry, Charles Michel d'Irumberry de= (1778-1829). Born at Beauport, near Quebec. Entered the British army; served for eleven years under General Robert Prescott; and in 1794 took part in the capture of Martinique. In 1809 served in Ireland; and in 1810 took part in the Walcheren expedition. In 1811 major and aide-de-camp to General Rottenburg in Canada. At the outbreak of the American War of 1812, promoted lieutenant-colonel, and rendered good service as commander of the Canadian Voltigeurs. On Oct. 26, 1813, defeated the American forces under General Hampton at Chateauguay, the outcome of this action being to compel the invaders to evacuate Lower Canada. For these services made a C. B. In 1818 elected to the Legislative a.s.sembly. =Index=: =Bk= Corps raised and commanded by, 189, 191. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; _Dict.

Nat. Biog._; Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_. _See also_ Chateauquay.

=Salaberry, Colonel de.= =BL= Comes to Kingston to solicit office of provincial aide-de-camp, 172; La Fontaine's opposition to appointment, 173.

=Salaries, Civil.= =S= In Upper Canada, 177.

=Salmon Falls.= =L= Hamlet, destruction of, 229. =F= Ma.s.sacre of, 251.

=Salmon River.= =L= La Barre's expedition encamps at, 184.

=Salt.= =S= Production of, in Upper Canada, 115.

=Samos.= =WM= Battery at, captured, 182.

=Sandwich.= A town in Ess.e.x County, Ontario; first settled in 1750 by the soldiers of a disbanded French regiment. It was subsequently named after the town of Sandwich, in Kent, England. =Index=: =Bk= Military fort, 59; occupied by United States general, Hull, 209, 213; evacuated by Americans, 248. =BL= Early munic.i.p.al government of, 298. =Bib.=: Lovell, _Gazetteer of Canada_.

=Sangster, Charles= (1822-1893). Born in Kingston. For some time in public service; engaged in newspaper work at Amherstburg and Kingston; for many years prior to his death employed in the civil service at Ottawa. =Bib.=: Works: _The St. Lawrence and the Saguenay and other Poems; Hesperus and other Poems and Lyrics_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Cel. Can._; MacMurchy, _Canadian Literature_.

=Sangster, J. H.= =R= On staff of Ontario Normal School, 174.

=San Juan Boundary.= Dispute arose between the United States and Great Britain out of a difference of opinion as to the meaning of the phrase ”middle of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver Island” in the treaty of 1846, and by which the rightful possession of San Juan and other islands in the vicinity for years remained unsettled.

A compromise was made in 1859, both governments jointly occupying San Juan with troops. Finally, by the Was.h.i.+ngton Treaty of 1871, the question was referred to the arbitration of the German emperor, who decided in favour of the United States. =Index=: =Md= Brought up under Was.h.i.+ngton Treaty, 166; dispute caused by vague terms of Oregon Treaty, 178-179; submitted to arbitration of German emperor, 179; Macdonald on, 179-180; decision in favour of United States, 180-181. =Bib.=: Hertslet, _Treaties and Conventions_.

=Sanstein.= =Ch= Clerk, brings news of amalgamation of de Monts and de Caen Companies, 138.

=Saskatchewan.= Organized as a provisional district in 1882. It then extended from long. 111 20' W. to the Manitoba boundary and Lake Winnipeg, and from the northern boundary of the district of a.s.siniboia, to the southern boundary of Athabaska. The province of Saskatchewan, created in 1905, extends from long. 110 on the west to the Manitoba boundary on the east, extended north to lat. 60, which forms the northern boundary of the new province. The capital of the province is Regina, former capital of the North-West Territories. _See also_ North-West Territories. =Bib.=: Lovell, _Gazetteer of Canada_.

=Saskatchewan Rebellion.= _See_ Riel Rebellion, 1885.

=Saskatchewan River.= Ultimate source is at the head waters of the Bow River, about lat. 51 40', in the heart of the Rocky Mountains. After a course of 1205 miles, it flows into Lake Winnipeg, finally discharging its waters by the Nelson into Hudson Bay. The length of the South Saskatchewan to its junction with the North Saskatchewan at the Forks is 865 miles; and of the North Saskatchewan, which rises in the watershed range of the Rocky Mountains, near the source of the Athabaska, is 760 miles. La Verendrye reached the river, then known as the Pasquia, or Poskoyac, in 1748, and built Fort Bourbon on the sh.o.r.es of Cedar Lake.

He ascended the river to the Forks, a few miles below which he built Fort Poskoyac. In 1751 a party of French explorers ascended one of the branches to the mountains, where they built Fort La Jonquiere. Anthony Hendry reached the Saskatchewan from Hudson Bay in 1754, and descended the river from the upper waters of the Red Deer, to the Pas. Many trading posts were afterwards built at different points on the two branches, both by the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company.

=Bib.=: White, _Atlas of Canada_; Tyrrell, _Report on Northern Alberta_ (Geol. Survey, 1886); Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_; Hind, _Canadian Red River and a.s.siniboine and Saskatchewan Expeditions_.

[Ill.u.s.tration: The Promised Land From the painting by Paul Wickson]

=Saskatchewan, University of.= Act pa.s.sed establis.h.i.+ng the university, 1907. Board of Governors decided to fix location of university at Saskatoon, 1909.

=Sault-au-Matelot.= =Dr= Arnold's attack on barrier repulsed, 129.

=Sault St. Louis.= =Ch= Called after young man named Louis drowned there, 69; centre of fur trade for some years, 120. =L= Converted Iroquois settled at, 9, 74.

=Sault Ste. Marie.= The county seat of Chippewa County, Michigan, on the St. Mary's River. In 1641 the Jesuit fathers Raymbault and Jogues founded a mission on its site, and in 1662 Marquette established the first permanent settlement there. On the opposite side of the river is its Canadian namesake, a port of entry of the Algoma district, Ontario.

=Index=: =L= Mission established at, 11.

=Saumarez, Sir Thomas.= =Bk= His letter to Brock from Halifax, 223.

=Saunders, Sir Charles= (1713-1775). Born in Scotland. Entered the navy in 1727, becoming lieutenant in 1734. In 1739-1740 served under Lord Anson. Stationed in home waters in 1745, and on Oct. 14, 1747, took part in Hawke's victory over the French. In 1750 elected member of Parliament for Plymouth. In 1752 commodore and commander-in-chief on the Newfoundland station; in 1755 comptroller of the navy; and in 1756, rear admiral. In 1759 Pitt appointed him commander-in-chief of the fleet which co-operated with Wolfe in the siege of Quebec, with the rank of vice-admiral of the blue, and his operations in the St. Lawrence largely contributed to the success of the British arms. In 1760 commander-in-chief in the Mediterranean; in 1761 created K.B.; in 1765 a lord of the Admiralty; in 1766 first lord; and in 1770 reached the rank of admiral. =Index=: =WM= Appointed to naval command of expedition against Quebec, 75; sails for Louisbourg, and puts in at Halifax, 75; his fleet detained at Louisbourg, 78; takes soundings of Traverse Channel, 90; joins in attack on French left at Montmorency, 136; orders burning of two stranded transports, 142; makes feint opposite Beauport, 164, 174; Wolfe's bequest to, 175; advances vessels in front of Lower Town, 231. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_; Wood, _Logs of the Conquest of Canada_ and _The Fight for Canada_; Bradley, _The Fight with France_.

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