Part 47 (1/2)
=Loyalist Corps.= =Hd= Formed, 253. =Dr= Practice of purchase of commissions prevented in, 217; six disbanded and settled in Nova Scotia, 218.
=Loyalists, United Empire=. Name applied to the inhabitants of the Thirteen Colonies who remained loyal to Great Britain, and rather than submit to the new republic, migrated to Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. No adequate provision having been made for them by the mother country, in the treaty of Paris (1783), the Loyalists were compelled in most cases to abandon all their worldly possessions, and start life anew in the pioneer settlements of the north. May 18, 1783, one great section of the refugees landed at the mouth of the St. John River, and built a town, first named Parrtown, later St. John. Other settlements were made, about the same time, at various points on the coasts of Nova Scotia, as well as on St. John's Island (Prince Edward Island). The bulk of the migration to what was then Quebec (now Ontario and Quebec) took place in 1784, the eastern Loyalists going north by way of Lake Champlain and the Richelieu, and settling in the Eastern Towns.h.i.+ps; those of the West crossing the boundary at Niagara and other points, and spreading throughout the backbone of the future province of Upper Canada. =Index=: =B= Land grants to their children fall into hands of speculators, 53. =S= Settlement of Upper Canada by, 1; Carleton's interest in, 51; their sufferings, 52, 54; claims for losses paid to, 55; settlements of, during and after war, 56; pretenders among, 57; those from England not generally good settlers, 58; a.s.sisted by government, 60; their hards.h.i.+ps, 61; their mode of life, 62-69; names of those who had joined British side before treaty of 1783, registered, 70; clauses of treaty of Paris respecting, not carried out by United States, 118; consequently further emigration of to Canada, 119. =Sy= Const.i.tutional Act an attempt to placate, 68. =Bk= Rations issued to, from Fort Niagara, 58; Brock (1804) observes and reports on comfortable condition of many of them, 65. =Dr= Emigration of, 64; commended to Carleton's special care, 194; their pitiable condition, 196; twenty regiments of, in Carleton's command, 202; their consternation on learning of proposed terms of peace, 206; left unprotected by treaty of peace, 213; large number of, embark for Nova Scotia, 214; Carleton continues occupation of New York till all have left the country, 215, 216; their emigration to different British provinces, 218; widows of, apply for pensions, 218, 219; effect of their settlement in Canada, 221, 244, 248; increase of their numbers in western Canada, 224; two distinct waves of emigration, 236; settlements of at Niagara, and Sorel, 236, 237; claim representative inst.i.tutions, 237; those in Kingston district pet.i.tion for church establishments, 238; their dest.i.tute condition, 238; their political weight underestimated by Dorchester, 248; the Seigniorial Tenure system unsuited to, 256; Dorchester's suggestion for conferring distinction on, 260. =E= Extravagant land grants to, 144; Durham on, 144-145; settled along Niagara River, 194. =MS= In the wilderness, 11. =R= Methodist preachers in Upper Canada of Loyalist stock, 38; included many of the influential families, 62; Ryerson's history of, 270, 274, 279. =H= Emigrate to the loyal western colonies, 13, 17. =BL= Come to Maritime Provinces and Canada, 4-5; their numbers and character, 5; in Lower Canada, 17; support Common School Bill, 105; =Md= Dread possibility of revolution, 20. =T= Severe treatment of, 3; they settle in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, 3-4, 35. =Hd= Come to Canada, 125; houses built for, 138, 182; military service of, 136, 137; at Niagara, 152; employed on fortifications of Quebec, 183; in Vermont negotiations, 200, 202, 206; at Cataraqui, 236, 265; Was.h.i.+ngton's severity towards, 249, 250; arrangements for their reception in Canada, 250, 254; not less patriotic than the opposite party, 251; brutal treatment of, 252; compared with Jacobites, 253; Haldimand's care of, 254; lands allotted to, 255; surveys made for, 263; flock into Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, 263; their advent viewed with alarm by French Canadians, 264; fed and clothed by government for three years, 265; not fully appreciative of a.s.sistance given, 266; difficulty of dealing with, 267-271, 348; some impostors among, 268, 306. =Mc= Hards.h.i.+ps suffered by, on account of naturalization laws, 140-141; bills for their relief, 142-143. =Bib.=: Sabine, _Loyalists of the American Revolution_; Ryerson, _Loyalists of America_; Campbell, _Travels in North America_; Canniff, _The Settlement of Upper Canada_; Ca.s.selman, _United Empire Loyalists of the County of Dundas, Ontario_; Haight, _Country Life in Canada Fifty Years Ago_; Bourinot, _Builders of Nova Scotia_; Frousac, _Rise of the Loyalists_; _Loyalists of New York in the American Revolution_ in _Columbia University Studies_; Curwen, _Journal and Letters_; Myers, _The Tories or Loyalists in America_; Eardley-Wilmot, _Loyalists' Centennial Souvenir_; St. John, _The Centennial of the Settlement of Upper Canada by the United Empire Loyalists_; Denison, _United Empire Loyalists_; (R.
S. C., 1904); Van Tyne, _Loyalists in the American Revolution_; Shortt and Doughty, _Const.i.tutional Doc.u.ments of Canada_.
=Ludovica.= =Ch= Name proposed by Champlain for Quebec; 124.
=Lumagne.= =Ch= Merchant, compensation awarded to, for goods seized, 221.
=Lumber Trade.= =Bk= Canadian, great increase of, 125.
=Lundy's Lane, Battle of= (1814). British troops, including Canadian militia, numbered 1600 at the beginning of the battle, later increased to 2800, under the command of Sir Gordon Drummond; United States troops about 4000, under General Jacob Brown. The engagement opened in the evening, and continued late into the night; the Americans finally withdrew from the field. =Bib.=: Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_. _See also_ War of 1812.
=Lusignan, Paul Louis Dazemard de.= Commanded Fort St. Frederic (Crown Point) in 1749, when the Swedish naturalist, Peter Kalm, visited the place; and remained there for several years. Served under Montcalm at the siege of Quebec. =Index=: =WM= Relieves Montcalm, 120.
=Luth, De.= =L= Royal engineer, directs erection of fortifications, 214.
=Lymburner, Adam= (1746-1836). Born in Kilmarnock, Scotland. Came to Canada about 1776, and settled at Quebec, where he succeeded to the business of his brother John, who had been lost at sea in 1775. For many years a member of the Executive Council, and took an active part in public affairs. Died in London at the age of ninety. =Index=: =Dr= Proceeds to England with pet.i.tion for political changes, 243; arrives in England, 251; opposes division of province, 257. =S= Recommends system of representation adapted to strengthen English-speaking minority, 2; heard at bar of House of Commons, 6. =Bk= Sent to England to oppose division of Canada into two provinces, 49. =Bib.=: Lucas, _History of Canada_; Bradley, _Making of Canada_; Shortt and Doughty, _Const.i.tutional Doc.u.ments of Canada_.
=Lynch, John Joseph= (1816-1888). Born near Clones, Ireland. Studied in Dublin, and entered the Lazarist order. Came to America in 1847; laboured as a missionary in Texas, 1847-1848; became president of the Lazarist College of St. Mary, Missouri, 1848; coadjutor to the bishop of Toronto, 1859; and bishop, 1860. In 1870, consecrated archbishop of Toronto and metropolitan of Ontario. His jubilee celebrated in 1884.
=Index=: =R= His policy as to separate schools, 235-236; proposed as member of Council of Public Instruction of Upper Canada, 236. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Lyndhurst, John Singleton Copley, Baron= (1772-1863). British statesman. =Index=: =Md= Denounces Rebellion Losses Bill, 241. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Lyonne, De.= =Ch= Jesuit, founder of missions at Nipisiguit and Chedabucto, 235.
=Lyons, Richard Bickerton Pemell, Earl= (1817-1887). British diplomatist. =Index=: =B= British amba.s.sador at Was.h.i.+ngton--suggested that he confer with Canadian agent on reciprocity, 192. =Bib.=: _Dict.
Nat. Biog._
=Lyons.= =S= Teaches school at Hay Bay, 167.
=Lytton, Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer, Baron= (1803-1873). Novelist and statesman. =Index=: =E= Colonial secretary,--his views on the duties of colonial governors, 4. =D= His series of despatches, 1858, on government of British Columbia, 231-235. =T= On the Confederation question, 63. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Escott, _Edward Bulwer, First Baron Lytton of Knebworth_.
=Lyveden, Robert Vernon, Baron= (1800-1873). British statesman. =Index=: =B= Dwells upon defencelessness of Canada, 184. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat.
Biog._
=Mabane, Adam= (1734-1792). Born in Scotland. Studied medicine at Edinburgh University; came to Canada, and practised his profession in Quebec. In 1764 appointed a judge, and presided over the first civil court held in Quebec. Member of the provincial Council; and in 1766 surgeon of the garrison of Quebec. =Index=: =Dr= Member of Council, protests against position taken by Carleton, 34; dismissed from Council, 39; appointed judge, 183. =Hd= Head of military hospital, 178; intimate friend of Haldimand, 300, 304; made judge and member of Legislative Council, 305; not in favour under Dorchester regime, 314, 315; his headstrong temper, 332; his letter to Haldimand, 340; receives bequest from Haldimand, 342. =Bib.=: Bradley, _Making of Canada_; Shortt and Doughty, _Const.i.tutional Doc.u.ments of Canada_.
=M'Afee, Samuel.= =Mc= Aids Mackenzie's escape, 400.
=Macallum, A.= =R= In charge of union school at Hamilton, 195.
=McBride, Richard= (1870- ). Born in New Westminster, British Columbia.
Educated at the public and high schools, New Westminster. Elected to the British Columbia a.s.sembly, 1898; minister of mines in Dunsmuir administration; premier of British Columbia, 1903. =Bib.=: _Canadian Who's Who_.
=McCarthy, Charles Justin.= =R= Martyr of early Canadian Methodism, 41.
=McCarthy, D'Alton= (1836-1898). Born in Dublin, Ireland. Came to Canada with his parents, 1847. In 1858 called to the bar; in 1871 a bencher of the Law society; and in 1872 made a Q. C. In 1876 elected to Parliament for Cardwell, as a Conservative, but in 1889 severed his connection with the party on the question of the Jesuits' Estates Act. In 1896 member of Parliament for North Simcoe. Index: =Md= Opposes commercial union, 295.
=Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Hopkins, _D'Alton McCarthy_ in _Men of the Day_.
=Macartney, Captain.= =WM= Rescues French soldiers from floating ice, 251.
=Macaulay, Sir James Buchan= (1793-1859). Born at Niagara, Ontario.