Part 45 (2/2)

=Lewis, Meriwether= (1774-1809), and =Clark, William= (1770-1838).

American explorers. Sent by the United States Government, in 1803, to find an overland route to the Pacific by way of the Missouri. They ascended the Missouri in 1804, to the Mandan villages; wintered there; continued their journey in 1805, crossed the Rocky Mountains, and descended the Columbia River to its mouth. They spent the winter there, and retraced their steps in 1806 to the Missouri and St. Louis. Their party consisted of fourteen soldiers, nine young men from Kentucky, two boatmen, an interpreter, a hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.

=Index=: =D= At Clatsop, 44; on the Columbia, 59; their overland expedition, 60, 64, 66; mouth of the Columbia the objective, 66; objects of the enterprise, 66; personnel of the expedition, 67; route followed by, 67; information collected, 67; winter at Fort Clatsop, 67. =Bib.=: _History of the Expedition to the Pacific Ocean_, Philadelphia, 1814; new ed., New York, 1843. In addition to other reprints, three recent editions are: the Chicago edition of 1902, with introd. by Dr. J.K.

Hosmer; the edition of 1893, in 4 vols., with copious notes and other critical equipment by Dr. Elliott Coues; and the even more elaborate edition prepared by Dr. R.G. Thwaites, New York, 1905, 8 vols. For biog.

of Lewis and Clark, _see_ Jefferson's _Life of Lewis_ in _Old South Leaflets_, no. 44, and in the Hosmer edition; _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Lexington.= =Hd= Skirmish at, 103.

=Liard River.= A tributary of the Mackenzie; rises in the Yukon district, south-west of Frances Lake, about lat. 61, long. 131. Its length is about 550 miles. Explored by McLeod in 1834, and by Campbell in 1840. The Upper Liard is known only by Indian report. Fort Simpson, of the Hudson's Bay Company, is at the mouth of the main river; and Fort Liard at the confluence of Black River and the Liard, not far from the point where British Columbia, the Yukon, and the North-West Territories meet. =Index=: =D= Operations of Hudson's Bay Company on, 123.

=Libel.= =Mc= Mackenzie's bill on, 163.

=Liberal.= Newspaper published at Toronto. =Index=: =B= Radical journal, founded after Liberal victory of 1874, 235.

=Liberal Party.= =B= Growth of, 209; overthrows Sir John A. Macdonald's government, and Ontario coalition government, 209-210. _See_ Reform Party.

=Libraries.= The first public library in Canada was the Quebec library, founded in 1779 largely through the efforts of Haldimand. After many vicissitudes, the library was absorbed by the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec. The first college library was that of the Seminary at Quebec, 1668; Montreal College library was opened in 1767; and King's College library in 1790. Legislative libraries were established in each of the provinces at an early date. In 1841 the libraries of Upper and Lower Canada were combined, and from this year dates the establishment of the library of Parliament. The first circulating library in Upper Canada was founded at Niagara in 1800. Similar libraries existed in Montreal as early as 1824, and at Kingston in 1836; the Red River library was founded at Fort Garry in 1847. =Index=: =Hd= First in Canada established by Haldimand, 190; merged in 1869 into Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, 190; objects and cost of, 191; appreciation of, 191. =R= Public school libraries established by Dr.

Ryerson, for use by the community, 185-187. =MS= One established by Roderick Mackenzie at Fort Chipewyan, 26. =BL= W. L. Mackenzie maintains a circulating library, 13. =E= Provided for in Upper Canada after 1841, 88. =S= For Upper Canada, Simcoe recommends government to establish, 46; plan not adopted, 175. _See also_ Books. =Bib.=: Bain, _Public Libraries of Canada_ in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 5.

=Licorne.= =WM= Frigate in which Montcalm embarked at Brest, 12.

=Lieutenant-governor.= =Mc= Office of, Durham's view of power of, 56, 57; surroundings of, in 1838, 61; position in both Upper and Lower Canada, 62.

=Lieutenants.= =S= Intended to be a.n.a.logous to lords-lieutenant in England, appointed by Governor Simcoe for the princ.i.p.al counties in Upper Canada, 197; measure not approved by secretary of state, 197; appointments not continued by later governors, 198.

=Ligneris.= =WM= Force gathered by, and Aubry, dispersed, 146.

=Lincoln, Abraham= (1809-1865). Fourteenth president of the United States. =Index=: =B= Believed by George Brown to be favourable to renewal of Reciprocity Treaty, 192. =Bib.=: For biog. sketch, and bibliog. of lives, _see Cyc. Am. Biog._; Larned, _Lit. Am. Hist._

=Lincoln, Benjamin= (1733-1810). American general. =Index=: =S= United States commissioner, entertained by Simcoe at Navy Hall, 184, 229.

=Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Lindsay, W. B.= =Sy= Made clerk of Legislative a.s.sembly, 334.

=Lindsay, William.= =T= Elected for the county of Carleton, New Brunswick, 89, 107.

=Linschot.= =Ch= His definition of the territory of New France, 211.

=Lippincott, Captain.= =Dr= Hangs Joshua Huddy, 198.

=Liquor Question.= =B= Agitated by Brown and the _Globe_, 75; the Canada Company and cheap whiskey, 75; the movement in and out of Parliament, 75-76. _See also_ Brandy question; Stills; Cas reserve.

=Lisgar, John Young, Baron= (1807-1876). Born at Bombay. Entered Parliament in 1831; became lord of treasury in 1841, and secretary of the treasury, 1844-1846; chief secretary for Ireland, 1852-1855; and lord high commissioner of the Ionian Islands, 1855-1859. In 1861 sent to New South Wales as governor-general. Seven years later came to Canada as administrator; and the following year appointed governor-general.

Succeeded by Lord Dufferin in 1872. =Index=: =C= His arrival in Canada, 89; expresses views of Little Englanders--advises Canada to declare her independence, 89. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Dent, _Can. Por._

=Literary and Historical Society of Quebec.= =P= Founded by Lord Dalhousie, 41. =Bib.=: _See_ list of publications, from 1829, in _Lit.

Am. Hist._; _also_ Wurtele, _List of Lectures, Papers, etc., 1829-1891_.

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