Part 6 (1/2)

=Belleville=. Town of Ontario on the Bay of Quinte. Founded by Captain Myers in 1790. =Index=: =BL= Early munic.i.p.al government of, 298; riot over Rebellion Losses Bill, 318.

=Bellomont, Richard Coote, Earl of= (1636-1701). Member of Parliament, 1688-1695; and served in Ireland, 1689. In 1695 appointed governor of New York, and afterwards of Ma.s.sachusetts. =Index=: =F= Corresponds with Frontenac, 355. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Belmont, Francois Vachon de.= Came to Canada from France in 1680, and joined the Seminary of St. Sulpice at Montreal, of which he was superior, 1698-1732. Died the latter year. Left a _History of Canada_, which was published in the first series of Historical Doc.u.ments of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec. =Index=: =F= On number of captives taken at Lachine, 226; on excessive use of brandy, 312; and footnote. =L= His large donations to religious objects, 135; preaches funeral sermon on Laval at Montreal, 265.

=Benediction.= =Ch= English vessel seized by French, 221.

=Bennett, George.= =B= An employee of the _Globe_, 256; shoots George Brown, 257; on Brown's death, is tried and found guilty of murder, 258; his mind disordered by misfortunes and intemperance, 258.

=Bentham, Jeremy= (1748-1832). English writer on jurisprudence and ethics. =Index=: =Sy= An a.s.sociate of Sydenham's, 13. =Bib.=: _Works_, ed. by Bowring and Burton, 1843. For biog., _see_ _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Bentivoglis.= Papal Nuncio. =Index=: =Ch= Authorizes establishment of church in Canada, 84.

=Bering, Vitus= (1681-1741). Born at Horsens, Denmark. Joined the Russian navy in 1704; and in 1725 sent by Peter the Great to explore the waters east of Kamchatka, and examine the American coast. After a three-years' journey overland, reached the eastern coast of Siberia, built vessels there, and in 1728 followed the coast north to the Arctic, proving that Asia and America were not united. In 1733 set out again on the long overland journey, hampered with a huge retinue, and it was not until 1741 that his s.h.i.+ps were ready at Petropaulovsk. Sailed to the east, reached and explored the American coast, and was wrecked on what was afterwards known as Bering Island, where he died, Dec. 8, 1741.

=Index=: =D= His explorations, 39, 40; his death, 1741, 40. =Bib.=: Lauridsen, _Vitus Bering_; Muller, _Voyages from Asia to America_; Laut, _Vikings of the Pacific_.

=Bering Sea Question.= Arose out of a dispute as to the seal-fisheries of Bering Sea. Several Canadian sealers were seized by the United States in 1886, on the plea that these waters const.i.tuted a _mare clausum_, or closed sea. Similar seizures were made in 1887 and 1889. Finally the British and United States governments agreed to submit the question to arbitration. The Commission met at Paris in 1893. Lord Hannen and Sir John Thompson represented British interests; the United States was represented by Judge Harlan and Senator Morgan. The other arbitrators were Marquis Visconti Venosta of Italy, Gregora W. Gram of Sweden, and Baron de Courcel of Belgium, who presided. The decision was in favour of Great Britain, and contrary to the claim of the United States to jurisdiction over the waters of the Bering Sea and the seals visiting the coasts and islands of Alaska. Regulations were provided for the better protection of the fisheries; and the United States was required to compensate the Canadian sealers for the unlawful seizure of their vessels. =Index=: =D= Influenced by Russian occupation, 38; settled under Paris award, 1897, 283; history of dispute 340-341.

=Berkeley, George Cranfield= (1753-1818). Entered the navy, 1766; accompanied Cook in survey of coast of Newfoundland and Gulf of St.

Lawrence, 1766-1769; and was on the _Victory_ at Ushant, 1778. In 1786 surveyor-general of ordnance, 1786; and vice-admiral on the Halifax station, 1805-1807, during which time occurred the affair between the _Chesapeake_ and the _Leopard_. =Index=: =Bk= Gave instructions in matter of deserters enlisted in _Chesapeake_, 83; recalled, 85. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Berlin Decrees.= Issued by Napoleon, November, 1806, to the following effect: The British Isles were in a state of blockade; intercourse with them was prohibited; all British subjects within French authority were to be held as prisoners of war; all British property, private and public, was declared to be prize of war; also merchandise from Britain; merchants whose property had been captured by British cruisers were to be indemnified from the product of such seizures; no British s.h.i.+ps were to be admitted into any port of France, or her allies; every vessel eluding this rule was to be confiscated. The object of the decrees was to close the continent against British commerce. The British government retaliated by issuing an order-in-council, refusing to neutrals the right of trading from one hostile port to another. =Index=: =Bk= Directed by Napoleon against commerce of Great Britain, 81, 82, 105, 171, 172. =Bib.:= _Dict. Eng. Hist._; Green, _Short History of the English People_; Kingsford, _History of Canada_.

=Bernard, Hewitt= (1825-1893). Entered the Canadian public service, 1858; deputy-minister of justice, 1867; resigned, 1876. In 1872, created I. C.; and the same year made C. M. G. In 1878 appointed a.s.sistant commissioner to France and Spain to negotiate commercial treaties.

Aide-de-camp to Lord Monck, 1868, and to Lord Stanley, 1888. =Index=: =T= Confidential secretary to the Quebec Conference, 77; acts as secretary to Confederation delegates in London, 121. =Bib.=: Pope, _Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_.

=Bernardin, of Siena, Saint.= =L= On the guidance of Providence, 35-36.

=Bernetz, Chevalier de.= =WM= Commands battalion of Royal Roussillon Regiment, 12; second in command of the town (Quebec), 86.

=Bernieres, Henri de= (1635-1700). Born in France. Came to Canada with Laval in 1659. Cure of Quebec, 1660-1687; and grand-vicar of the bishop of Quebec. First superior of the Seminary of Quebec, 1663, holding that position till 1688 and from 1693 to 1697. =Index=: =F= Grand-vicar of bishop of Quebec, 111. =L= Head of retreat at Caen, 24; first superior of Quebec Seminary, 55; transfers his personal income to seminary, 56; administers diocese in Laval's absence, 134; claims ecclesiastical rights, 163; made dean of Chapter, 197; his death, 239. =Bib.=: _Jesuit Relations_, ed. by Thwaites; Gosselin, _Henri de Bernieres_.

=Bernieres, Jean de.= =L= His ”Hermitage,” 24, 25.

=Berry Brigade.= =WM= In battle of Ste. Foy, 257, 258.

=Berthelot, Francois.= =L= Laval's relations with, 138. =E= His seigniory of St. Laurent made an earldom in 1676, 181.

=Berthier, Alexandre= (1638-1709). Born in France. Came to Canada in 1665; and in 1666 commandant at Fort St. Jean, and led expeditions against the Iroquois. In 1672 granted the seigniory of Berthier in Bellecha.s.se County, Quebec. =Index=: =F= Commands militia in campaign against Iroquois, 209. =Bib.=: Charlevoix, _History of New France_.

=Bethune, Alexander Neil= (1800-1879). Born in Glengarry, Ontario. In 1823 ordained deacon, and in 1824, priest. In 1847 archdeacon of York (Toronto), and in 1867 consecrated coadjutor bishop of Toronto; succeeded to the bishopric on the death of Bishop Strachan. =Bib.=: Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._; _Cyc. Am. Biog._; Mockridge, _The Bishops of the Church of England in Canada and Newfoundland_.

=Bethune, John.= Born in Scotland, 1751. Emigrated in his early years to South Carolina, and was chaplain of the loyal militia. In 1786 resided in Montreal; minister of the Presbyterian church there; afterwards appointed to a mission in Glengarry. =Index=: =S= Presbyterian minister, reputed author of pet.i.tion, for repeal of Marriage Act, 161, 162; the first Presbyterian minister to arrive in Upper Canada, 164; received stipend from the government, 164. =Bib.=: Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Macdonell, _Sketches Ill.u.s.trating the Early Settlement and History of Glengarry in Canada_.

=Betts.= =T= Proposes construction of European and North American Railway, 26, 27.

=Beveridge.= =T= Seconds the address in New Brunswick a.s.sembly, 115.

=Biard, Pierre= (1565-1622). Came to Port Royal in 1611, with Ma.s.se--the first of their order in New France. The relations of the Jesuits with Poutrincourt and his son Biencourt were far from cordial; little or no progress was made with the conversion of the Micmacs; and in 1613 Biard sailed with Ma.s.se for Mount Desert, with an expedition sent out by Madame de Guercheville. They had hardly begun the new settlement, when Argall swooped down, seized their s.h.i.+p, plundered their property, and carried Biard and some of his companions prisoners to Virginia. Argall brought the Jesuit back with him to Acadia the same year; the vessel in which he sailed was carried out to sea, and after a series of adventures Biard finally reached France and remained there. =Bib.=: Biard, _Relation_; Carayon, _Premiere Mission des Jesuites au Canada_; Parkman, _Pioneers of France_.

=Bibaud, Michel= (1782-1857). Educated at the College of St. Raphael.

=Index=: =L= Historian, his praise of Talon, 113. =P= On Papineau, 56.