Part 4 (2/2)

=Banking.= The first bank established in Canada was the Bank of Montreal, which dates from the year 1817. The Bank of Quebec was established in 1818; and the Bank of Canada the same year. All three were chartered in 1822. A Banking Act was pa.s.sed in 1841, providing a uniform system of banking. The Act of 1850 prohibited banks other than those incorporated by Parliament or royal charter from issuing notes. It also provided for a deposit with the government to be held as a guarantee; also for bank statistics. Further provisions designed to place banking on a more secure footing were incorporated in the Act of 1871. Further banking legislation was pa.s.sed in 1881 and in 1890.

=Index=: =Sy= Sydenham's plans for establishment of bank of issue, 327-329; idea partially adopted by Sir F. Hincks, as finance minister of Dominion, 330. =Mc= Report of House on system of, 161. =Bib.=: Johnson, _First Things in Canada_; Shortt, _Early History of Canadian Banking_; Breckenridge, _Canadian Banking System_; Hague, _Banking and Commerce; Historical Sketch of Canadian Banking, in Canada: An Ency._, vol. 1; _History of the Bank of Nova Scotia_; McLachlan, _The Nova Scotia Treasury Notes_; Walker, _History of Banking in Canada_.

=Banner.= Newspaper, published at Toronto. =Index=: =B= Founded in 1843 by Peter and George Brown, 3, 5; champions government by the people, 5; on disruption of Scottish Church, 6; controversy with the _Church_, 6-7; defines its political principles, 9; becomes the _Globe_, 10; Peter Brown writes for, 243.

=Baptist Church.= Like several other religious denominations in Canada, it had its origin in Nova Scotia. Some Baptists were living in Lunenburg as early as 1753. In 1800 the first Baptist a.s.sociation was formed at Granville, Nova Scotia, and by 1850 there were Baptist a.s.sociations in many parts of the province. In 1828 the Nova Scotia Baptist Educational Society was established. The first church was built in Montreal, 1830; and in 1834 the Baptist Seminary of New Brunswick was founded at Fredericton. In 1852 the Baptist Missionary Society of Canada was established. Since then the Baptists have grown rapidly in all the provinces, and several Baptist colleges and inst.i.tutions have been established, notably Acadia and McMaster Universities (_q.v._). The Baptist Church was organized in British Columbia in 1877. =Index=: =W= First founded in Fredericton, 1813, 10; represented by one member in Legislative Council, 69. =Bib.=: Wells, _History of the Baptist Denomination in Canada_, in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 3; Hill, _Forty Years with the Baptist Ministers and Churches of the Maritime Provinces of Canada_.

=Baranof, Alexander Andrevitch= (1747-1819). Governor of Russian America. Had been manager of a gla.s.s factory at Irkutsk, Siberia; grew tired of the monotonous though profitable business, and engaged in the fur trade of eastern Siberia. Appointed governor of the princ.i.p.al Russian trading company in America, 1790. Nine years later, the different companies were united, and Baranof moved his headquarters from Kadiak to New Archangel (Sitka), where he built a strong fort, with a s.h.i.+pyard, foundry, churches, and hospitals. Even a library and picture-gallery were afterwards added to this little outpost of Russian civilization. In 1818 sailed for home, and died at sea on the voyage.

=Index=: =D= His rule at Sitka, 44; his character, 44; his death, 1819, 45, =Bib.=: Laut, _Vikings of the Pacific_.

=Barbarie, A.= =W= Referred to in Wilmot's speech, 104. =T= Represents Restigouche in New Brunswick a.s.sembly, 18.

=Barclay, Robert H.= Born in Scotland. Took part in the battle of Trafalgar. Sent to Canada, and commander of British naval force on Lake Erie in 1813. On Sept. 10, 1813, defeated by the American fleet under Perry. Subsequently court-martialled, but acquitted. Died, 1837. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; _Cyc. Am. Biog._ _See also_ War of 1812.

=Barclay, Thomas= (1753-1830). Born in New York. In 1775 served in the British army during the American Revolution, and in 1777 became major.

At the end of the war moved to Nova Scotia; entered the House of a.s.sembly, and for some time Speaker. Appointed adjutant-general of militia; served as a commissioner under Jay's Treaty; appointed consul-general at New York for the Northern and Eastern states. =Index=: =Bk= Declares war to be inevitable, 202. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Barker, T. B.= =T= Founder of business firm of St. John, 8.

=Barkley, Charles William= (1759-1832). Served in the East India Company; sailed on a trading voyage for sea-otter skins to the North-West Coast, 1787. Brought his bride with him, the first white woman on the North-West Coast. Discovered and named Juan de Fuca Strait the same year, and carried his cargo of furs to China. In 1792 made another voyage to the North-West Coast, again accompanied by his wife, who kept interesting journals of both voyages. Died at North Crescent, Hartford. Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island, discovered and named by him.

=Index=: =D= His two voyages to North-West Coast, 23; his wife first woman to visit North-West Coast, 23. =Bib.=: Walbran, _British Columbia Coast Names_.

=Barnsfare, Captain.= =Dr= Commands battery at Pres de Ville, 127.

=Baronets of Nova Scotia.= An order created by James I, in 1625, for the purpose of ”advancing the plantation of Nova Scotia.” The scheme, which King James had deeply at heart, was designed to a.s.sist Sir William Alexander in his ambitious plans of colonization in the New World, by offering a special inducement to men of position in Scotland to take tracts of land in Nova Scotia, and to bring out numbers of colonists to settle upon them. _See also_ Stirling. =Bib.=: Duncan, _Royal Province of New Scotland and her Baronets_; Bourinot, _Builders of Nova Scotia_; Patterson, _Sir William Alexander_ (R. S. C., 1892); Mackenzie, _Baronets of Nova Scotia_ (R. S. C., 1901); _Royal Letters, Charters, and Tracts Relating to the Colonisation of Nova Scotia and the Inst.i.tution of the Order of Knights Baronet of Nova Scotia_; Kirke, _The First English Conquest of Canada_.

=Barre, Isaac= (1726-1802). Born in Ireland. Served under Wolfe against Rochefort in 1757, and at Quebec in 1759, being at Wolfe's side when he fell. Entered Parliament, 1761, and a member until 1790. In 1763-1764 adjutant-general and governor of Stirling; in 1764-1768, vice-treasurer of Ireland and a privy councillor; in 1782, treasurer of the navy.

=Index=: =Dr= On Quebec Act, 67. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Barren Grounds.= The region of northern Canada, lying between the Mackenzie River and Hudson Bay, and from the northern timber-line to the Arctic. First visited by Samuel Hearne in 1770-1772. Late explorers who traversed portions of the country are Franklin, in 1821; Back, in 1833; Dease and Simpson, in 1839; Richardson in 1848; and Anderson in 1855. Within more recent years, Warburton Pike, J. B. Tyrrell, J. W.

Tyrrell, D. T. Hanbury and Caspar Whitney have explored parts of the Barren Grounds. =Bib.=: Hearne, _Journey to the Northern Ocean_; Franklin, _Narrative_; Back, _Arctic Land Expedition_; Simpson, _North Coasts of America_; Richardson, _Arctic Searching Expedition_; Anderson, _Descent of Great Fish River_, in _Royal Geog. Soc. Journal_, 1856 and 1857; Pike, _Barren Grounds_; Tyrrell, _Across the Sub-Arctics_; Hanbury, _Northland of Canada_; Whitney, _On Snowshoes to the Barren Grounds_.

=Barrington, William Wildman, second Viscount= (1717-1793). Entered Parliament, 1740. Lord commissioner of Admiralty, 1746; a privy councillor, 1755; chancellor of the exchequer, 1761; treasurer of the navy, 1762; secretary of war, 1765-1768; joint postmaster-general, 1782.

=Index=: =Hd= Informs Haldimand he owes promotion to the king, 83; summary sent him of Haldimand's expenses, 107; compliments Haldimand, 113; promises Haldimand pay as inspector-general, 329. =Bib.=: _Dict.

Nat. Biog._

=Barron, Commodore= (1769-1851). Born in Virginia. In command of the _Chesapeake_, on board which were some British deserters, 1807. On the refusal of Barron to give them up, the British frigate _Leopard_ attacked and compelled his surrender. Court-martialled and suspended from rank and pay for five years. Fought and killed Commodore Decatur in a duel, 1820. Became senior officer of the navy, 1839. =Index=: =Bk= Enlists deserters from British s.h.i.+ps on board _Chesapeake_, 83, 85.

=Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._; _Correspondence between the late Commodore Stephen Decatur and Commodore James Barron_.

=Barter.= =L= Practised in colony in early days, 122.

=Barthe, J. G.= Member for Yamaska in Canadian a.s.sembly, 1841-1844.

=Index=: =BL= Takes part in Rebellion of 1837; afterwards edits _L'Avenir du Canada_; member for Yamaska; offered and refuses seat in Cabinet, 236.

=Basques.= A pre-Aryan race, occupying the border-land between France and Spain. a.s.sertions have repeatedly been made that they made voyages to America, and discovered the Gulf of St. Lawrence, before Cartier, and even before Cabot, but these have never been substantiated. All the evidence goes to show that they frequented the Newfoundland fisheries in the sixteenth century, but not earlier. =Index=: =Ch= Contraband traders, 140; threaten French on St. Pierre Island, 174. =Bib.=: Dawson, _The St. Lawrence Basin_; Reade, _The Basques in North America_ (R. S.

C., 1888); Howley, _Old Basque Tombstones at Placentia_.

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