Part 3 (1/2)
=Arthur, Sir George= (1784-1854). The last lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, 1838-1841. The chief event of his tenure of office was the suppression of the Upper Canadian Rebellion. Had been successively governor of Honduras and Van Diemen's Land previous to his Canadian appointment; and on leaving Canada appointed to the governors.h.i.+p of Bombay. =Index=: =Mc= Governor of Upper Canada, 435; disregards clemency pet.i.tions, 435; learns of intended attack on Canada, 441; renews reward for Mackenzie's capture, 445; proposes exchange of prisoners and refugees, 463; United States refuses, 463. =Bk= Organizes military gathering at Queenston Heights, 313. =Sy= Succeeds Sir F. B. Head, 109; reactionary in his views, 109-110; his att.i.tude towards responsible government, 125-126; cautioned by colonial secretary, 127; instructed to act in harmony with new governor-general, 144; meets him at Montreal, 153; explains his position and views, 156-161; receives governor-general at Toronto, and hands over seal of province, 197. =R= His efforts to repel American attacks, 117; Ryerson disappointed in, 118; proposes division of Clergy Reserves, 119. _See_ Rebellion of 1837 (Upper Canada). =Bib.=: Kingsford, _History of Canada_; Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_; Bradshaw, _Self-Government in Canada_; Read, _Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada_.
=Asgill, Sir Charles= (1762-1823). A lieutenant in Cornwallis's army, 1780. Taken prisoner at Yorktown, condemned to death by the Americans, to avenge death of a Revolutionary officer. Marie Antoinette having been interested in his fate, interceded, and Asgill was released. Afterwards served in the Low Countries and in Ireland. =Index=: =Dr= Chosen by lot for retaliatory hanging, 198. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Ashburton, Alexander Baring, Baron= (1774-1848). Entered Parliament in 1806. Opposed measures against American commerce. President of board of trade and master of mint, 1834. Raised to peerage, 1835. Commissioner at Was.h.i.+ngton for settlement of boundary dispute, 1842. =Index=: =BL= Settles difficulties between Great Britain and the United States, 118.
=Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Ashburton, John Dunning, First Baron= (1731-1783). =Index=: =Dr= Opposes Quebec Act in House of Commons, 65. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Ashburton Treaty.= Negotiated between Great Britain and the United States, 1842, Lord Ashburton acting for the former and Daniel Webster on behalf of the latter. Provided for the settlement of the international boundary between Maine and Canada. Of the territory in dispute, the United States got about seven-twelfths and Canada five-twelfths. Also provided for the determination of the boundary in the St. Mary River and thence to the Lake of the Woods; for the free navigation of the St.
John River; for the suppression of the slave trade, and for the extradition of criminals. =Index=: =Sy= Sydenham takes part in negotiations leading to, 336. =W= Boundary question settled by, 135. =T= Settlement of, checks projected railway from St. Andrews to Quebec, 53.
=BL= Settlement of, 118. =Bib.=: Dent, _Last Forty Years_; Winsor, _Narrative and Critical History,_ Vol. vii; White, _The Ashburton Treaty_, in _Univ. Mag._, October, 1907; _The Ashburton Treaty: an Afterword_, in _Univ. Mag._, December, 1908; Houston, _Canadian Const.i.tutional Doc.u.ments_; Hertslet, _Treaties and Conventions_.
=a.s.sembly.= _See_ House of a.s.sembly.
=a.s.siniboia.= One of the provisional districts carved out of the North-West Territories, in 1882. Now included in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, princ.i.p.ally in the latter.
=a.s.siniboine Indians.= A tribe of the Siouan family; first mentioned in the Jesuit _Relation_ of 1640. They separated from the parent stock early in the seventeenth century, and moved north and north-west to the region about Lake Winnipeg. Later they spread over the country west of Lake Winnipeg, to the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains. Their population was estimated at 8000 in 1829. One-half this number perished in the smallpox epidemic of 1836. They are now settled on reservations in Alberta, and in Montana. =Bib.=: Hodge, _Handbook of American Indians_.
=a.s.siniboine River.= Discovered by La Verendrye in 1736. Fort Rouge was built at the mouth of the river in that year, as well as Fort La Reine, near the present city of Portage la Prairie. From the latter fort, two years later, La Verendrye set forth on his memorable journey to the Mandan Indians on the Missouri. Before the close of the century, both the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company had trading establishments at various points on the river. First named Riviere St.
Charles; afterwards Riviere des a.s.siliboilles, and Stone Indian River; finally settling in present form. =Bib.=: Bryce, _a.s.siniboine River and its Forts_ (R. S. C., 1892); Dawson, _Canada and Newfoundland_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_; Hind, _Canadian Red River and a.s.siniboine and Saskatchewan Expeditions_.
=a.s.sociation of Canadian Refugees.= =Mc= Formed in 1839, 448; object of, independence of Canada, 449; ended further expeditions against Canada, 449.
=Astor, John Jacob= (1763-1848). Founder of Astor Fur Company. =Index=: =Bk= Sends news of declaration of war in 1812, 204. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Astor Fur Company.= =Index=: =D= Founds Astoria, 64. _See also_ Pacific Fur Company.
=Astoria.= Established by Pacific Fur Company, 1811. Turned over to the North West Company, 1813, and renamed Fort George. The scene of Was.h.i.+ngton Irving's delightful narrative _Astoria_. The fort stood on the banks of the Columbia River, near its mouth. =Index=: =D= Acquired by North West Company, 71, 149; in possession of United States after War of 1812, 133-134; claimed by United States, 150; American flag raised over, 150. =Bib.=: Franchere, _Voyage to the North-West Coast of America_; c.o.x, _Adventures on the Columbia River_; Ross, _Adventures of First Settlers on Columbia River_; _Henry-Thompson Journals_, ed. by Coues; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Bradbury, _Travels in the Interior of America in the Years 1809, 1810, and 1811_.
=Astorians.= Name applied to members of the two expeditions fitted out by John Jacob Astor, to found trading establishment at the mouth of the Columbia. One party sailed around the Horn in the _Tonquin_; the other went overland by way of the Missouri and the Columbia. =Index=: =D= Their influence upon development of Pacific coast, 4; their first vessel, the _Tonquin_, captured by natives and the crew murdered, 1811, 37; the overland expedition, 71. _See also_ Pacific Fur Company; _Tonquin_.
=Atahualpa.= =D= Vessel, attacked by Milbank Sound savages, 1805, 37.
=Atalanta.= =Hd= Vessel in which Haldimand embarked for England, 309.
=Atalante.= =WM= French frigate, loads stores at Sorel, 243.
=Athabaska.= One of the provisional districts formed out of the North-West Territories in 1882; area about 122,000 square miles. Now divided between the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta, forming the northern half of each.
=Athabaska Lake.= First discovered by Peter Pond, about 1778. Ten years later the first trading post on the lake was built by Roderick McKenzie of the North West Company, and named Fort Chipewyan. It was afterwards moved to the north side of the lake. =Index=: Frobisher's men penetrate to, 5; importance of in fur trade, 21, 24; called Lake of the Hills, 24.
=Athabaska Pa.s.s.= Discovered by David Thompson of the North West Company, in January, 1811. The pa.s.s was used thereafter by the traders as a route from the Athabaska to the Columbia. =Index=: =D= Discovered by David Thompson, 58.
=Athabaska River.= Rises in the watershed range of the Rocky Mountains, close to the head waters of the north branch of the North Saskatchewan, and after a course of 765 miles empties into Athabaska Lake. Discovered by Peter Pond in 1778. =Index=: =MS= Pond builds post on, 21; named also Elk River and Riviere a la b.i.+.c.he, 21.
=Atkins, D. A.= =S= Opens school at Napanee, 167.
=Attignaouantans.= =Ch= Huron tribe (the Bears), 88, 91.
=Attigninonghacs.= =Ch= Huron tribe devoted to the French, 92.