Part 2 (2/2)

Another form of boiler, first invented by Clarke or Crawford, and lately revived, has the uptake enerally fro connected together by nipples (Fig 9) It is a well-known fact that where a fluid flows through a conduit which enlarges and then contracts, the velocity is lost to a greater or less extent at the enlargeain at the contractions each ti occurs in the construction shown in Fig 9 The enlargements and contractions quite destroy the head and practically overcome the tendency of the water to circulate

A horizontal tube stopped at one end, as shown in Fig 10, can have no proper circulation within it If ainst the issuing stearee of forcing will cause it to act like the test tube in Fig 3, and the iven boiler the

The experiives the clue to the bestcirculation in ordinary shell boilers Steenstrup or ”Martin” and ”Galloater tubes placed in such boilers also assist in directing the circulation therein, but it is almost impossible to produce in shell boilers, by any means the circulation of all the water in one continuous round, such as marks the well-constructed water-tube boiler

As I have before remarked, provision for a proper circulation of water has been al steae of the owner, but oftener to the jeopardy of the lives of those who are employed to run them The noted case of the Montana and her sister shi+p, where so an experiment which a proper consideration of this subject would have avoided, is a case in point; but who shall count the cost of life and treasure not, perhaps, directly traceable to, but, nevertheless, due entirely to such neglect in design and construction of the thousands of boilers in which this necessary eleht of the perfor conditions of present day power-plant practice, a review of this lecture and of the foregoing list of requireht of the inventors of the Babcock & Wilcox boiler into the fundan and construction

Since the Babcock & Wilcox boiler becaenerator, many types of water-tube boilers have appeared on the h of the requirements of a perfect boiler, have fallen by the wayside, while a few failing to meet all of the requirements, have only a limited field of usefulness None have been superior, and in the most cases the most ardent ad up to the Babcock & Wilcox boiler as a standard and in claiood”

Records of recent performances under the most severe conditions of services on land and sea, show that the Babcock & Wilcox boiler can be run continually and regularly at higher overloads, with higher efficiency, and lower upkeep cost than any other boiler on the market

It is especially adapted for power-plant here it is necessary to use a boiler in which steam can be raised quickly and the boiler placed on the line either from a cold state or from a banked fire in the shortest possible time, and hich the capacity, with clean feed water, will be largely limited by the amount of coal that can be burned in the furnace

The distribution of the circulation through the separate headers and sections and the action of the headers in forcing a maximum and continuous circulation in the lower tubes, permit the operation of the Babcock & Wilcox boiler without objectionable priree of concentration of salts in the water than is possible in any other type of boiler

Repeated daily performances at overloads have demonstrated beyond a doubt the correctness of Mr Babcock's co tube and header area required for e tubes beyond a certain point di circulation and consequently limits the ability of the boiler to respond to demands for overloads

In this lecture Mr Babcocktube area proportioned in accordance with the principles laid down, the Babcock & Wilcox boiler could be continuously run at double its no, which at that ti surface per horse power This prediction is being fulfilled daily in all the large and prominent power plants in this country and abroad, and it has been repeatedly demonstrated that with clean water and clean tube surfaces it is possible to safely operate at over 300 per cent of the no

In the development of electrical power stations it becomes more and h ratings during the ti the lay-over losses are diminished and the economy of the plant as a whole is increased

The nu and power stations constructed during the last ten years that are equipped with Babcock & Wilcox boilers, is ademonstration of the merit of the apparatus, especially in view of their satisfactory operation under conditions which are perhapsthan those of any other service

Tis, in the survival of the fittest When judged on this basis the Babcock & Wilcox boiler stands pre-eeneration with the highest commercial efficiency obtainable Year after year the Babcock & Wilcox boiler has become more firmly established as the standard of excellence in the boilerart

[Illustration: South Boston Station of the Boston Elevated Ry Co, Boston, Mass 9600 Horse Power of Babcock & Wilcox Boilers and Superheaters Installed in this Station]

[Illustration: 3600 Horse-power Installation of Babcock & Wilcox Boilers at the Phipps Power House of the Duquesne Light Coh, Pa]

EVOLUTION OF THE BABcock & WILcox WATER-TUBE BOILER

Quite as much may be learned from the records of failures as from those of success Where a device has been once fairly tried and found to be ie of that trial is of advantage in further investigation Regardless of the lesson taught by failure, however, it is an almost every-day occurrence that some device or construction which has been tried and found wanting, if not worthless, is again introduced as a great improvement upon a device which has shown by its survival to be the fittest

The success of the Babcock & Wilcox boiler is due to many years of constant adherence to one line of research, in which an endeavor has beena boiler which wouldthe periods that this boiler has been built, other companies have placed on the market more than thirty water-tube or sectional water-tube boilers, h they may have attained some distinction and sale, have now entirely disappeared The following incomplete list will serve to recall the naue at various times, but which are now practically unknown: Dimpfel, Howard, Griffith & Wundrum, Dinsmore, Miller ”Fire Box”, Miller ”American”, Miller ”Internal Tube”, Miller ”Inclined Tube”, Phleger, Weigant, the Lady Verner, the Allen, the Kelly, the Anderson, the Rogers & Black, the Eclipse or Kilgore, the Moore, the Baker & Smith, the Renshaw, the Shackleton, the ”Duplex”, the Pond & Bradford, the Whittingham, the Bee, the Hazleton or ”Common Sense”, the Reynolds, the Suplee or Luder, the Babbit, the Reed, the Smith, the Standard, etc, etc

It is with the object of protecting our custo discarded ideas that there is given on the following pages a brief history of the development of the Babcock & Wilcox boiler as it is built to-day The illustrations and brief descriptions indicate clearly the various designs and constructions that have been used and that have been replaced, as experience has shown in ay iht be made They serve as a history of the experimental steps in the development of the present Babcock & Wilcox boiler, the value and success of which, as a steaest andusers continue to purchase them after years of experience in their operation

[Illustration: No 1]

No 1 The original Babcock & Wilcox boiler was patented in 1867 The n was safety, to which all other features were sacrificed wherever they conflicted The boiler consisted of a nest of horizontal tubes, serving as a steam and water reservoir, placed above and connected at each end by bolted joints to a second nest of inclined heating tubes filled ater The tubes were placed one above the other in vertical rows, each row and its connecting end for Hand-holes were placed at each end for cleaning Internal tubes were placed within the inclined tubes with a view to aiding circulation

No 2 This boiler was the sa tubes were omitted as they were found to hinder rather than help the circulation