Part 2 (1/2)

Arthur and his knights coremors sees hiainst him, but is overthrown Kex then trys his luck, but is unhorsed so rudely that ar are broken Gauvain declares that love hts, approaches him courteously, tells his own nas the latter to Arthur, by whom he is received with all honour Perceval then learns it is Kex he has overthrown, thus fulfilling his proht he offers himself to be (11) Perceval returns on the morroith the court to Carlion, and the next day at noon there co on a yellow mule a damsel more hideous than could be pictured outside hell She curses Perceval for having oraal; had he done so the King would have been healed of his wound and ruled his land in peace; now maidens will be put to sha to the King she tells of the adventures to be achieved at the Castel Orgellous, where dwell five hundred and seventy knights, each with his lady love He, though, ould win the highest renown must to Montesclaire to free the damsel held captive there She then departs Gauvain will forth to the iellous, and Perceval swears to rest no two nights in the saraal and lance (12) A knight, Guiga slain his lord The latter sets forth at once to the King of Cavalon to clear himself of this accusation (13) On his way heto take part in a tournahter of Tiebaut of Tingaguel, who had hitherto refused his suit

Gauvain rides on to Tingaguel to help its lord On arriving at the castle the eldest daughter jeers at hi hiht than Melians, whereat her sister is very indignant On the first day of the tournaer sister still declares her faith in Gauvain, and has her ears boxed in consequence She appeals to Gauvain to be her knight and avenge the injury done her He consents, overcomes Melians, whose horse he sends to his little lady, and all other knights; then, after telling his naer of who her welcome him She receives him kindly, and when, struck with her beauty, he asks her favours, grants them at once They are interrupted by a steward, who reproaches her with giving her love to her father's murderer, and calls upon the castle folk to attack Gauvain The latter defends hia Gauvain be attacked, as he had expressed his readiness to do single coo, and is excused the co lance

He sets off in search of it (15) The tale returns to Perceval, who has wandered about for five years without thinking of God, yet perforhts accompanied by ladies, all clad in penitents' dress 'Twas a Good Friday, and the eldest knight rebukes Perceval for riding fully armed on such a day He must confess hioes thither, accuses hirief at not learning the use of the graal The hermit reveals hi caused his mother's death, and for that reason he could not ask concerning lance and graal; but for her prayers he had not lived till now Perceval remains two days with his uncle, receives absolution, and rides forth (16) The story turns to Gauvain, who, after Escalavon, finds beneath an oak a daht; the latter advises Gauvain to push on, which he does, and comes upon a da he has fetched her horse froarden hard by, mocks at him and rides off He follows, and culls on the way herbs hich he heals the wounded knight A squire rides up very hideous of aspect, mounted on a wretched hack Gauvain chastises hiht oras, who, Gauvain has to follow the damsel upon the squire's hack, comes to a river, on the other side of which is a castle, overco which the da the vanquished knight to the ferryic Castle, wherein dahtly virtues to restore their lands to the ladies, marry the damsels, and put an end to the enchantnificent bed, seats hiic art, overcomes a lion, and is then acclaimed lord of the castle He would then leave the castle, but the ferryer On theforth, Gauvain beholds the (18) daht He hastens forth, overcoain the damsel's love, but is sent by her to the Ford Perillous Here he meets Guiromelant, who loves Gauvain's sister, Clarissant, a dweller in the Magic Castle A coed to take place after seven days Upon his return to the dares, he is noell received by her She hates Guiroood knight to avenge her

Guiro, as he says, treacherously killed his father Gauvain and Orgellouse return to the Magic Castle One of the queens ells there is hter, ives his sister Clarissant a ring Guiro to her He then sends a knight to Arthur to bid hiht 'twixt hirief at Gauvain's absence

Here Chrestien's share breaks off abruptly in the middle of a sentence, and the poem is taken up by

(_b_) GAUTIER DE DOULENS[9]--(1) Arthur and his court accept Gauvain's invitation and make for the Castle of Wonders, the Queen whereof has ene, Arthur's mother The duel between Gauvain and Guiromelant is hindered, and the latter weds Gauvain's sister (Montp MS here inserts a first visit of Gawain to Grail Castle, which is substantially the same as the one it repeats afterwards in the saainst Brun de Branlant follow, of Gauvain with a maiden in a tent and her brother Brandalis, of Carduel of Nantes, whose wife is beloved of the ic horn (verses 11,000-15,800) (2) (A fresh series of adventures begins) Arthur sets forth to seek Giflet, son of Dos; Gauvain ain with Brandalis, whose sister has ellous, where Giflet is imprisoned, is captured; Gauvain's son by Brandalis' sister is lost

(3) An unknown knight comes to Arthur's court; Keie, who des the unknown to the court, but the latter is slain by a javelin cast by invisible hands Gauvain equips himself in the unknown's armour and starts forth to learn the latter's naht on the altar quenched by a black hand, he rides through Brittany and Nor to his armour, he is at first hailed as lord In one of the rooht, cross and broken sword upon his body, his left hand bleeding A crowned knight enters and goes to battle with Gauvain; canons and clerks coil of the Dead; whilst at table Gauvain sees the rich Grail serving out bread and wine to the knights Gauvain remains alone after the meal; he sees a lance which bleeds into a silver cup The crowned knight again enters, bearing in his hand a broken shich had belonged to the unknown knight, over whom he mourns He hands the sword to Gauvain and asks hiether Gauvain cannot, whereupon the knight declares him unfit to fulfil the quest (_li besoin_) on which he ca lance, sword, and bier The lance, he is told, is the one ith the Son of God was pierced in the side, 'twill bleed till Dooht so res will also be told, but here Gauvain falls fast asleep[10] On the morroakes, and finds himself on the sea strand He rides off, and behold the country has burst into green leaf, and the reason thereof is his having asked concerning the lance The countryfolk both bless and curse hi co the Grail

(4) He ht who turns out to be his son (5) (Adventures in which Carahies, Gauvain's brother, is chief actor) (6) The story returns to Perceval, who, after leaving the hermit, rides for three days and cos a horn Perceval blows therein, overcoe, and sends hiellous, to the pillar of which only an accoht tie his horse, he comes to the strea

Seeking for a bridge hea way across the river, tries to drown hi he finds untenanted In the hall stands a chessboard Perceval plays, is beaten, seizes the board and makes as if to throw it in the moat Hereupon a da into the room reproaches hirant the which roams in the castle park Thereto she lends hi him be sure he return it The hunt follows; Perceval overtakes the stag, slays it, and cutting off its head prepares to bring it back, when a maid of ill-chance (_pucelle deit is reproached by her for having slain her stag, but told he ht is painted and say, ”Vassal, what doest thou here?” The co which hound and stag's head are carried off by another knight, whoht of the Toht the Black Knight, had dwelt there su with all-co up the Robber Knight, meets the damsel who had carried off the hound, but she only mocks him for answer to his questions (8) After an adventure with a discourteous knight, Perceval ht whohter of the Fisher King, and she had told hi's head belonging to a good knight who had been at her court, and had orail, for which reason she had taken his hound and refused hiht (9) Perceval is directed by the Red Knight's brother to the Fisher King's castle, but misses his way, and after an adventure at a castle, where he slays a lion, overco over a knight slain by a giant, whom he kills, achieves the feat of the Ford Ahts with Gauvain's son until they learn who each other is, and at length conised by Blanchefleur he makes himself known, stays with her three days, and then rides off, in spite of her entreaties (11) He hs at the fored by the latter, whom he overcomes and sends to Arthur (12) He co himself known, learns from his sister that his mother died at his departure ten years before, tells her who he is, and both set forth to their uncle, the herht who offers violence to his sister They come to their uncle, sleep there, and on the morrow Perceval reveals hiht the day before

Perceval, afterlance, Grail, and sword, and receiving good advice from the hermit, leaves with his sister, hom he stays three days and then quits her, despite her piteous entreaties (12_a_) Perceval comes to the Castle of Maidens, where he falls untimely asleep, and on the morrow finds himself in the forest, far from any castle (13) Perceval finds the daht, Garalas, overcoht of the Tomb is his brother, who had lived for ten years with a fay in a ic invisible castle, and had met no one to overcoht and damsel to Arthur (14) Perceval h she entreats hiht in the forest, he turns to ask his coone A violent storm comes on The morrow he meets the damsel with the ht: it cas as He hung on the Cross; the devil may not lead astray anyhas it carried about Perceval asks further, but is told only a holy man may speak of these mysteries Perceval relates his adventure with the lady of the chessboard, and the daives hiether with a ring giving the possessor power over the ive both back when he s Perceval across a river, over a glass bridge, on the other side of which he meets with Brios, who persuades hiuellous, as heto the castle of the Fisher King

Perceval leaves stag's head and hound at Brios' castle, carries off the prize at the tourna thence he frees a knight imprisoned beneath a to unable to ed to release hi Perceval he knows hiht in the world (18) Percevaland 's court; on his saying, No, she hurries off Perceval prays God to direct him to the Castle of the Chessboard A voice tells hireeted by the 's head and hound, and who in return tells hihe la fee_ had had rants him her favours as she had promised On the morrow Perceval rides forth, accompanied awhile by the damsel, ill show him his onay (19) They come to a river, on which is a boat tied to an oak tree Perceval is to enter it, cross the river, and on the other side he will find a road leading to the Fisher King On his way Perceval releases a knight whoommedes whom Keie had treated thus, and who returns to Arthur's court, challenges Keie, and is only hindered by Arthur frohts then start forth for the Mont Dolorous and in search of Perceval The adventures of Gauvain alone are related in detail until the tale returns to Perceval (20) After freeing Bago in the woods, comes to a tree, in whose branches sits a child, who can tell nothing of the Fisher King, but tells Perceval he will come on the morrow to the Mont Dolorous This he does, and binds his horse to the pillar A damsel on a white mule tells him of Arthur's birth, and how Merlin had hts She was Merlin's daughter (21) Perceval rides on, and towards evening sees afar off a tree upon which burn hts; as he draws near he finds only a chapel, upon the altar of which lies a dead knight A great and sudden light is followed by the appearance of a black hand, which puts out the candle on the altar On the morrow he meets first a huntsman, who tells him he is near the castle, then a damsel, who explains the child in the tree, the chapel, and the black hand as having connection with the Holy Grail and the lance (22) Perceval co, whom he finds on a couch as heretofore He tells hi the child on the tree, the tree full of lights, and the chapel with the dead knight Meanwhile a da the Grail, another folloith the bleeding lance, then coain Perceval puts his questions, and will not eat until they are answered First, he is told of the child which would not speak to him on account of his hts should be raised to the Creator Before learning aught further Perceval is to try and weld the broken sword together; none but a true knight lover of God, and of God's spouse, Holy Church, may accomplish it Perceval succeeds, save that a little crack still re embraces him and hails hioes under the name of Gautier ends

[A portion of Gautier's section of the Conte du Graal is found in the Berne MS, partly edited, partly summarised, by Rochat in his work, _Ein unbekannter Percheval li Gallois_ (_vide_ _infra_ p 101) This version offers some remarkable peculiarities It has a short introduction of thirteen lines; then follows line 21,930 of Gautier in Potvin's text (Mons MS) An incident follows, omitted in the Mons MS, but found in Montpellier and in Paris, 794: Percevalbeen at the Fisher King's court, and failed to ask about Grail and bleeding lance Then follow Incidents 6, 7 (8 is absent so far as one can judge from Rochat's summary), 9 to 13 (in which Perceval does not apparently send Garalas and his love to Arthur), and 14 to end, the following finish being then tacked on: The Fisher King is father to Alain le Gros, husband to Enigeus, sister to that Joseph hen Christ's body was taken down from the Cross, had it from Pilate as a reward for his services Joseph had the vessel prepared to catch in it the blood from the body; it was the same Jesus haddies on the third day and Perceval reigns in his stead][11]

The Conte du Graal is continued by--

(_c_) MANESSIER--(1) Perceval, full of joy, sits down to table; after the oodly silver dish pass before the royal table away into the next roo these objects and thetells as follows: the lance is that ith Longis pierced God's side that day he hung on the Cross (Montpellier MS: When Longis withdrew the spear the blood ran down to feet, so that Joseph of Barimacie turned black from sorrow, and he collected the blood in the holy vessel) On Perceval's asking further, the Grail is the vessel wherein the holy precious blood of our Lord was received Then Perceval asks how it caht it when he departed from the prison whence he was freed by Vespasian He baptized forty of his friends, and wandered forth with them till they ca in the Teainst his ene's shi+eld Evelac, such was the King's name, won the battle thereby, was baptized, and renamed Noodrans It went so likeith his brother-in-law, Salafres, rena the Grail with hith he ca manor and Grail, the which shall never dwell elsewhere, God willing (Montpellier MS merely says, how Joseph was put into a dark prison, and kept there forty years, but the Lord sent him the sweetness of the Grail twice or thrice a day Tiberius and Vespasian deliver hi him to Rome, whence he carries away the lance) (4) To Perceval's questions concerning the damsels: the Grail-bearer is of royal blood, and pure ht not let her hold it, she is hter to King Goon Desert (5) The King would then go to sleep, but Perceval would know about the broken sword: In Quiquagrant dwelt Goon Desert, the King's brother Besieged by Espinogre he e; donning the arht of Goon Desert, he slew him, but the sword broke when the traitrous bloas struck Goon Desert's body was brought to his brother's castle, whither ca that a knight should coe the foul blow

The Fisher King taking up the fragh, and the wound ed The murderer's name is Partiniaus, Lord of the Red Tower

Perceval vows to avenge this wrong, but first, despite the King's strong hints that it is bed-time, must learn (6) about the candles on the trees, how they are fay trees, and the lights deceiving ones, but theydestined to achieve the wonders of the earth, and he has put an end to this illusion; (7) how the black hand haunted a chapel wherein Pinogres had slain his hts had been slain by it (8) Perceval starting on the rehts Perceval, wounded, stays a month at the damsel's castle, and (9) the story tells for sorehts, comes to the Castle of Maidens, delivers the daht, Calides, ars upon her, and afterwards delivers anotherviolence; (10) then, for over two thousand verses of Gauvain; how he prepares to set forth again in search of the Fisher King; how a maiden comes to him whose brother had been slain in his service, reproaches Gauvain for his conduct at the Fisher King's castle, and carries hi to be burnt; how after other adventures he slays King Margon, returns to Arthur's court, fights with Kex to avenge the brother of the da the daht well, rides forth into a wood, where he is overtaken by a great storm of thunder and hail, after which he coht slain by the black hand Perceval strives with the devil to whos, overcomes, and with the help of a herhts who had fallen there, buries the body He then confesses to the her fame, but rather to save his soul

(12) Perceval, riding forth on the morrow, is met by the devil, who throws hi to a stream luckily crosses himself, when it disappears; it was the devil (13) A damsel passes by with a bark, wherein Perceval mounts; she ain he crosses himself in time, and shi+p and da all these things, brings him where he finds a fresh steed, and to a fair castle Perceval overco, delivers the lady love of Dodinel froht; is appealed to for help by a damsel of Blanchefleur's, oppressed by Arides of Cavalon (15) Setting off to the succour of his lady love, his horse falls lame, he coer of the broken sword Tribuet uard it well, never had king or conqueror a better one (16) Perceval reaches Bel Repaire, overco him announce his own arrival for Whitsuntide He then quits Blanchefleur, and (17) ht even when he sees two dahts Perceval attacks the ravishers, the Coward Knight is drawn into the struggle, and quits hihts to their castle, where Perceval, sore wounded, reremors has announced Perceval's arrival at Cahts set forth in search of hist others, Boort; he hts, who scourge him, and at the saht is doing violence Her he succours, then hurries after his brother, whom, meanwhile, Gauvain has rescued Lyonel bitterly reproaches his brother for abandoning him, and falls upon him, sword in hand; Boort offers no defence, and would be slain but for a passing knight, Calogrinant, who pays for his interference with his life Finally, heavenly intervention appeases Lyonel Calogrinant is buried by a herether with the Coward Knight, is present with hiuishes hiives the naes hih kill each other To theel with the Grail, and makes them whole (21) Perceval rides on to Partinal's castle, before which stands a fir tree whereon hangs a shi+eld Perceval throws this dohereupon Partinal appears and a desperate combat ensues, ended by the overthrow of Partinal, and, as he will submit to no conditions, his death

Perceval cuts off his head and , lights upon it chancewise (22) As he nears the castle, the warders co with a head hanging at his saddle-bow; hereupon the King leaps to his feet and is straightway hest tower of the castle After supper, at which the same mystic procession of talis learns Perceval's name, and thereby finds that he is his own sister's son He would hand him his crown, but Perceval has vowed not to take it, his uncle living (23) He returns to Arthur's court, overcohts, and tells his adventures, which Arthur has written down and kept in a box at Salisbury The Grail daoes to Corbiere acco and re which time the Grail feeds all with the costliest foods He marries his cousins, the two Grail-bearers, to two valiant kings, and reigns in peace for seven years

(24) After which time he follows a hermit into the wilderness, accompanied by Grail, lance, and holy dish He serves the Lord for ten years, and, when he dies, Grail, lance, and dish were doubtless carried up to heaven, for since that day noto Birch Hirschfeld interpolated between Gautier and Manessier, and joining on therefore to the last incident in Gautier)[12]

(1) Perceval's sin in having indirectly caused the death of hiswhole the broken sword, and he ht he dreaer threatens his sister, and on thevanished (2) He co the door shut, knocks at it with his sword till the latter breaks An old man appears, and tells his until he coain to the Grail Castle All he can do for Perceval is to give him a letter which heals the wounded and h country that the day before aste and folkless, finds it noell cultivated and peopled; all press round hi concerning the Grail (4) He couarded by two serpents, and on it was a sword forged for a year, and it er, orthe devil in the shape of a fair maid, attacks and overcomes the two serpents, and has his sword mended by the blacksate of Paradise

(5) After hts of the Round Table who had lost their wits in Castle Dolorous, Perceval comes to Carlion, to Arthur's court, and accomplishes the adventure of the Perillous Seat which a fairy had sent to Arthur Only the destined Grail-finder hts who had previously essayed the feat had been sed up by the earth; they reappear when Perceval is successful (6) Perceval is called away from the court by a forsaken damsel, whose false lover he co fresh temptation in damsel-shape, he comes to his sister's castle, overcomes her adversary, who turns out to be Mordret, and reaches the Castle of Maidens, where he is healed of his wounds by the lady of the castle, his cousin She tells him of his mother, Philosofine, and how the Grail was taken fro to the sinfulness of the world Perceval leaves his sister in this castle where da to court, whither Mordret had preceded hiht, Perceval is mocked at by Kex, whom he overco the court, hetheir father, nises in the wounded knight, Gornue him, tells all that has befallen himself, and learns that the cause of his successive failures is his forsaking his betrothed, Blanchefleur, whom he knows to be Gornumant's niece He is told that if he listen heedfully to mass and marry the damsel all will be well, and he will learn the secrets of lance and Grail But first Perceval overcos to life Gornu the day She has a potion, whereof Christ made use in the sepulchre, and with it she quickens the dead She recognizes Perceval and acknowledges hiht of the Grail; she works by order of the King of the Waste City, who hates all Christian folk Perceval tries the virtue of the potion on the es in a fresh and desperate struggle, heals Gornumant with it, and sets off to marry Blanchefleur, as he is wishful to live cleanly and fly deadly sin (9) She is overjoyed at his arrival; preparations are ht before, she comes to his bedside in sht side by side, but with the sheet between the the heavenly joy for sake of carnal longing, they resolve to resist the devil and live virgin-wise, for virginity surpasseth aught else, even as the topaz does crystal Perceval, in a dreaht and the deliverer of the Holy Sepulchre