Part 31 (1/2)

What isof ochre, a kind of earth with a rough and dusty surface, composed of fine, soft, clayey particles, which readily separate in water There are various colored ochres, as red, yellow, blue, green, &c; they are very useful in many of the arts

What term is used to denote the quality of the Diauish the those which possess the greatest perfection and purity, which ought to be that of the clearest drop of water: when they fall short of this perfection, they are said to be ”of the second or third water,” and so on till the stone may be properly called a colored one

What is the Ruby?

A beautiful gereat value The ruby is often found perfectly pure and free from all spots or blemishes; but its value is er stones It is very hard, being second only to the diaht and pure on the surface as to need no polishi+ng; it is often worn in rings, &c, in its rough or native state The color of rubies varies fro e, which is more plainly perceived in the deeper colored specimens than in the paler ones

Where are Rubies found?

They are old mines We have the true rubies only fro been celebrated for these gems; they are found in a river which descends frohter and more beautiful than those obtained in other parts, but are very rare Soed with the true color of the ruby, but these want its lustre and hardness

Describe the Emerald

It is a precious stone of a beautiful transparent green color, and, when in a state of perfection, nearly equal to the ruby in hardness

The finest and best are found in A the mountains of Peru; they are also obtained froems are often counterfeited, as areeven false diaenuine may be known by their extreme hardness and brilliancy

_Counterfeited_, imitated with a view to defraud

_Genuine_, true, real

What is the Turquois?

A beautiful blue stone; it is one of the softest of the gems, and so engraved upon The turquois is easily imitated, and that often so perfectly as to render it very difficult to distinguish the counterfeit froem

In what countries are they found?

The Oriental Turquois comes from Persia, the Indies, and some parts of Turkey; the turquois is also found in various parts of Europe, as Ger?

The art of cutting ures, letters, and devices; the term is, however, ures or designs onsubsequently printed on paper The ancients are well known to have excelled in engraving on precious stones;of the kind produced by the raving on wood, according to some authors, was introduced into Europe from China by Venetian merchants; it is certain the art was practised in eastern and northern Italy as early as the thirteenth century The invention of copper-plate engraving has been ascribed to a goldsmith of Florence, about the year 1460

_Device_, that which is for by an outline; a sketch

Describe Wood Engraving

The subject is drawn on a block of box or pear-tree ith a black-lead pencil, or with a pen and Indian ink; the wood is then cut away, so as to leave the lines which have been drawn, as raised parts