Part 9 (1/2)

_CATECHU_

Catechu (Cutch) is an old Indian dye for cotton It can also be used for wool and silk, and gives a fine rich brown It is obtained from the wood of various species of Areca, Acacia and Mi purposes

Catechu is soluble in boiling water It is largely used by the cotton dyer for brown, olive, drab, grey and black (See pp 46, 47, 48)

LIGHT GREY

(For 6 lbs) 1 oz cutch, 1 oz iron Boil for 1/2 an hour in the cutch, then put into boiling iron, being very careful to stir well

Wash very thoroughly

These proportions can be varied according to the shade of grey required; the rey

CATECHU BROWN

The wool is boiled for 1 to 1-1/2 hours, with 10 to 20 per cent catechu, then sadden with 2 to 4 per cent of copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate, or chrome, at 100C, in a separate bath for 1/2 hour

_ALDER BARK_

The bark and twigs of alder are used for dyeing brown and black For 1 lb wool use 1 lb alder bark Boil the ith it for 2 hours, when it should be a dull reddish brown Add 1/2 oz copper as for every pound of wool for black

_SUMACH_

Surowing in Southern Europe It dyes wool a yellow and a yellon, but it is chiefly used in cotton dyeing

_WALNUT_

The green shell of the walnut fruit and the root are used for dyeing brown The husks to be used for dyeing reen and fresh, then covered ater and kept fro In the walnut tree there is an astringent colourless substance which gives a greenish yellow dye This has the property of absorbing oxygen fro dark brown It is only the unoxidized pale greenish stuff that can act as the dye, the dark brown itself has no affinity for the wool Acids should be added to the dye bath to prevent oxidization Without a mordant the colour is quite fast, but if the wool is ot When used they are boiled in water for 1/4 hour, then the wool is entered and boiled till the colour is obtained Long boiling is not good as it ent; that is, for darkening other colours

”The best andblacks were done with this sio or woad vat till they were a very dark blue, and then browned into black by means of the walnut root”--_Williaood shade of brown to wool Boil the wool for 1 to 2 hours with peat soot Careful washi+ng is required in several changes of water It is used so a hazel colour, after the wool has been dyed eld and madder

OAK BARK Mordant with alum and dye in a decoction of oak bark

ONION SKINS (Brown) Mordant the ith alu two or three times in between makes the colour more durable Dry Wash Boil a quantity of onion skins, and cool; then put in wool and boil lightly for 1/2 an hour to 1 hour; then keep war out and wash

BLACK Mordant with 3 bi+chromate of Potash for 45 minutes Dye with 1 oz Hematin crystals, 3/4 ozfor 1 hour remove wool and add 1/4 oz cream of tartar, 1 oz

cochineal, 3/4 oz iron, 1/2 oz copper sulphate Return wool and boil again for 1/2 hour Wash in soap

VARIOUS RECIPES

MADDER for BROWN (1 lb wool) Mordant with 1 oz copperas and 1 oz