Part 16 (1/2)

The internal pressure not to exceed 35 tons

This Company also manufactures a new form of powder, known as Iravity; 33 grains occupies the bulk charge, as corains of the old It follows in its composition much the lines of the older powder, but it is quite free from smoke, and leaves no residue whatever

~The EG Powder~--This is one of the oldest of the nitro powders It was invented by Reid and Johnson in 1882 It is now manufactured by the EG

Powder Company Limited, at their factory near Dartford, Kent, and in Alo-American EG Powder Company, at New Jersey The basis of this powder is a fine form of cellulose, derived fron substances, and carefully nitrated Its manufacture is somewhat as follows:--Pure nitro-cotton, in the form of a fine powder, is rotated in a drum, sprinkled ater, and the drurains The grains are then dried and elatinised, and afterwards coloured with aurine, which gives theh a sieve, in order to separate the grains whichprocess

Since its introduction soon after 1881, EG powder has undergone considerable modifications, and is now a distinctly different product from a practical point of view It is now and has been since 1897 what is known as a 33-grain powder, that is to say, the old standard charge of 3 drarains, as coinal EG and other nitro powders This improvement was effected by a reduction of the bariuree of nitration, and also ranules are very hard, and resist moisture to an extent hitherto unattainable by any ”bulk” powder

Irregularities of pressure in loading have also a rains The colouring matter used is aurine, and the small quantity of nitrate used is the barium salt The powder is standardised for pressure velocity with Boulenge chronograph,[A] pattern and gravimetric density by elaborate daily tests, and is continually subjected to severe trials for stability under various conditions of storage, the result being that it may be kept for what in practice aes or in bulk without any alteration being feared The EC powders are used in sporting guns No 1 and No 2 EC are not at presenttaken their place entirely Since 1890 these powders have been manufactured under the Borland-Johnson patents, these i for some time known as the JB powders The EC No 1 was superseded by the EC

No 2, made under the Borland-Johnson patents, and this in its turn by the EC No 3 (in 1897)

[Footnote A: Invented in 1869 by Major Le Boulenge, Belgian Artillery It is intended to record the mean velocity between any two points, and froely eer, French Artillerie de la Marine, and Capt

Holden, RA]

~Indurite~ is the invention of Professor CE Munroe, of the US Naval Torpedo Station It is made from insoluble nitro-cotton, treated in a particular manner by steam, and mixed with nitro-benzene The _Dupont_ powder is very similar to _Indurite_ ME Leonard, of the United States, invented a powder consisting of 75 parts of nitro-glycerine, 25 parts of gun-cotton, 5 parts of lycopodium powder, and 4 parts of urea crystals dissolved in acetone The French smokeless powder, Vielle poudre (poudre B), used in the Lebel rifle, is a mixture of nitro-cellulose and tannin, ives a very feeble report, and very little bluish s a sredients are nitro-amido- and tri- nitro-benzene CO Lundholm has patented (US Pat, 701,591, 1901) a slycerine 30, nitro-cellulose 60, diamyl phthalate 10 (or diamyl phthalate 5, and mineral jelly 5) The diamyl phthalate is added, with or without the lycerine and nitro-cellulose

~Walsrode Powder~--The smokeless powder known as Walsrode powder consists of absolutely pure gelatinised nitro-cellulose, grained by a cherains do not need facing with gelatine to prevent their breaking up, as is the case with many nitro powders For this sa rid of the solvent used, the Walsrode has no tendency whatever to absorb moisture In fact, it can lie in water for several days, and when taken out and dried again at a ood as before Nor is it influenced by heat, whether dry or da in the least affected It is claiuns much less than black powder, and does not injure therains, and it is claie Walsrode poill prove second to none A large cap is necessary, as the grains of this powder are very hard, and require a large fla purposes, an extra felt wad is required to coe; but for as pressure of this powder is low (in several military rifles only one- half that of other nitros), and the recoil consequently sht increase of the charge (frors) both penetration and initial velocity will be largely increased, whilst the gas pressure and recoil will not be greater

This poas used at Bisley, at the National Rifle association's Meeting, with satisfactory results It is made by the Walsrode Smokeless and Waterproof Gunpowder Coelatinised by means of acetic ether, and the skin produced retards burning The nitro-cotton is elatinisation has taken place, the plastic h holes in a metal plate into strips, which are then cut up into pieces the size of grains The MH Walsrode powder is a leaflet powder, light in colour, about 40 grains of which give a muzzle velocity of 1,350 feet and a pressure of 3 tons It is, like the other Walsrode powders, waterproof and heat-proof

~Cooppal Powder~ is manufactured by Messrs Cooppal & Co at their extensive poorks in Belgium It consists of nitro-jute or nitro- cotton, with or without nitrates, treated with a solvent to forreat many varieties of this powder One kind is in the foruns, is formed into 3-millimetre cubes, and is black Other varieties are coloured with aniline dyes of different colours

~Arain type of sporting gunpowders, and is manufactured by Messrs Curtis's & Harvey Lie, Kent It consists of a mixture of nitro-cellulose, paraffin, bariuredients

It is clai with safety, great penetration, and rain, and may be loaded like black powder, and subjected to hard friction without breaking into powder, that it is se for 12 bores is 42 grains by weight, and 1-1/8 oz

or 1-1/16 oz shot The powders known as cannonite[A] and ruby powder, also manufactured by Messrs Curtis's & Harvey Lieneral characteristics

[Footnote A: For further details of cannonite, see First Edition, p 181]

~Smokeless Diamond~, also manufactured by the above rain type of sporting gunpowders It was invented by Mr HM Chapman The e, is shortly as follows:--The gun-cotton, which is the chief ingredient of this powder, is first stoved, then mixed with certain compounds which act as moderators, and after the solvents are added, is worked up into a hooes the processes of granulation, sifting, dusting, drying, and glazing In order to ensure uniforether, and stored for so issued for use

It is clainition, the quickness being probably due to the peculiar structure of the grains which, when looked at under the e for a 12 bore is 33 grains and 1-1/16 oz shot, which gives a velocity of 1,050 feet per second, and a pressure of 3 tons per square inch

~Greiner's Powder~ consists of nitro-cellulose, nitro-benzol, graphite, and larey or drab colour, perfectly opaque, and rough to the touch It consists of a mixture, nitro-cellulose and the nitrates of barium and potassium Its composition is as follows:--

Insoluble nitro-cellulose 2913 parts Soluble nitro-cellulose 4131 ”

Barium nitrate 1900 ”

Potassium nitrate 797 ”

Sodium carbonate 203 ”

Volatile matter 143 ”

This powder is a modification of the Poudre B, or Vieille's powder invented for use in the Lebel rifle, and which consisted of a mixture of the nitro-celluloses with paraffin

~Von Foster's Powder~ contains nothing but pure gelatinised nitro- cellulose, together with a small quantity of carbonate of lielatinised nitro-cellulose, with or without nitrates

~Maximite~ is the invention of Mr Hudson Maxiun-cotton The exact composition and method of manufacture are, however, kept secret It isCompany, of New York, and in two forms--one for use as a s purposes

~Wetteren Powder~--This poas manufactured at the Royal Gunpowder Factory at Wetteren, and used in the Belgian service Originally it was a lycerine and nitro-cellulose, with amyl acetate as solvent Its composition has, however, been altered from time to time One variety consists chiefly of nitro-cellulose, with amyl acetate as solvent