Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 Part 1 (2/2)
64,887
1,048
Belonging to the
Common Army
15,863
285,733
59,659
1,048
Austrian Landwehr
2,053
25,766
1,456
..
Hungarian Honveds
2,648 25,319
3,772 ..
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
The troops stationed in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1905 (376 officers and 6372 men) are included in the total for the common army.
The peace strength of the active army in combatants is thus about 350,000 officers and men, inclusive of the two Landwehrs and of the Austrian ”K.K.”
guards, the Hungarian crown guards, the gendarmerie, &c. The numbers of the Landsturm and the war strength of the whole armed forces are not published.
It is estimated that the first line army in war would consist of 460,000 infantry, 49,000 cavalry, 78,000 artillery, 21,000 engineers, &c., beside train and non-combatant soldiers. The Landwehr and Honved would yield 219,000 infantry and 18,000 cavalry, and other reserves 223,000 men. These figures give an approximate total strength of 1,147,000, not inclusive of Landsturm.
_Fortifications._--The princ.i.p.al fortifications in Austria-Hungary are: Cracow and Przemysl in Galicia; Komarom, the centre of the inland fortifications, Petervarad, o-Arad and Temesvar in Hungary; Serajewo, Mostar and Bilek in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The Alpine frontiers, especially those in Tirol, have numerous fortifications, whose centre is formed by Trent and Franzensfeste; while all the military roads leading into Carinthia have been provided with strong defensive works, as at Malborgeth, Predil Pa.s.s, &c. The two capitals, Vienna and Budapest, are not fortified.
On the Adriatic coast, the naval harbour of Pola is strongly fortified with sea and land defences; then come Trieste, and several places in Dalmatia, notably Zara and Cattaro.
_Navy._--The Austro-Hungarian navy is mainly a coast defence force, and includes also a flotilla of monitors for the Danube. It is administered by the naval department of the ministry of war. It consisted in 1905 of 9 modern battles.h.i.+ps, 3 armoured cruisers, 5 cruisers, 4 torpedo gunboats, 20 destroyers and 26 torpedo boats. There was in hand at the same time a naval programme to build 12 armourclads, 5 second-cla.s.s cruisers, 6 third-cla.s.s cruisers, and a number of torpedo boats. The headquarters of the fleet are at Pola, which is the princ.i.p.al naval a.r.s.enal and harbour of Austria; while another great naval station is Trieste.
_Trade._--On the basis of the customs and commercial agreement between Austria and Hungary, concluded in 1867 and renewable every ten years, the following affairs, in addition to the common affairs of the monarchy, are in both states treated according to the same principles:--Commercial affairs, including customs legislation; legislation on the duties closely connected with industrial production--on beer, brandy, sugar and mineral oils; determination of legal tender and coinage, as also of the principles regulating the Austro-Hungarian Bank; ordinances in respect of such railways as affect the interests of both states. In conformity with the customs and commercial compact between the two states, renewed in 1899, the monarchy const.i.tutes one identical customs and commercial territory, inclusive of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the princ.i.p.ality of Liechtenstein.
The foreign trade of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy is shown in the following table:--
+--------+-------------+-------------+
Year.
Imports.
Exports.
+--------+-------------+-------------+
1900
70,666,000
80,916,000
1901
68,833,000
78,841,000
1902
71,666,000
79,708,000
1903
78,200,000
88,600,000
1904
85,200,000
86,200,000
1905
89,430,000
93,500,000
+--------+-------------+-------------+
The following tables give the foreign trade of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy as regards raw material and manufactured goods:--
_Imports._ +---------------------------------------------------------------+
Value in Millions Sterling.
+----------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+
Articles.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
+----------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+
Raw material (including
articles of food; raw
material for agriculture
41.5
40.5
41.8
45.9
51.9
and industry; and mining
and smelting products.
Semi-manufactured goods
9.6
9.6
10.3
10.6
10.8
Manufactured Goods
19.5
18.7
19.5
21.6
22.5
+----------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+
_Exports._ +---------------------------------------------------------------+
Value in Millions Sterling.
+----------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+
Articles.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
+----------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+
Raw material (as above)
34.1
34.1
35.9
39
35.3
Semi-manufactured goods
12.6
11.1
11.1
12.4
12.6
Manufactured goods.
34.2
33.3
32.8
37.2
38.3
+----------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+
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