Part 2 (1/2)

To these h they are not directly part of the Law of Gravitation, yet they are essential to its effectiveness and completion Without any one of these, the Law of Gravitation would fail to account for all the phenomena that it does account for

If there were no Primitive Impulse, then the planets and meteors, sun and stars would for ever remain at rest, and the Laws of Motion would remain inoperative If there were no Centripetal Force, then the Centrifugal Force would hurl the planets and comets, asteroids or minor planets away into the depths of space, never to return to their central sun

If there were no Centrifugal Force, then the Centripetal Force would draw all bodies, _i e_ all planets, etc, to their central sun, and, instead of the planets continually revolving round the sun, there would be but one immense solitary mass in the centre of the solar system

If there were no Laws of Motion, with their necessary corollary the Parallelogram of Forces, the Primitive Iain fail in its attempt to account for those phenomena it does account for

Thus, as itupon at least four hypotheses, and therefore is not essentially a si a physical explanation of the cause of Gravitation, we can reduce all these four elele physical cause, _i e_ the Universal Aether, and sho they may all be explained and accounted for by the properties, qualities and motions of that physical medium, then such a result will be strictly in harmony with the first Rule of Philosophy, as laid down by Newton and others

We will, therefore, proceed to consider some of these parts of the Law of Gravitation in detail

ART 9 _Primitive I and launching of each world, Newton supposed that there was given to each world an i centre into space On this ines of sufficient force, bodies ht be projected from them, so as not only to be carried a vast distance aithout falling to the earth, but so as toit; and, after returning to the first place, commence a new revolution with the saine; and after the second revolution, a third, and thus revolve as a moon or satellite round the earth for ever If this can be effected near the earth's surface, it h as thethe force or power, a body proportionately larger reat, a heavy body, not inferior to the ht revolve for ever round the earth Thus Sir Isaac Newton saw that the curvilineal motion of the moon in her orbit, and of a projectile at the surface of the earth, were phenoht be explained from the same principle extended from the earth so as to reach the reater projectile that received its hty Author of the Universe”

Nohat I desire to know is, ”What is the nature, the mode of operation, and, above all, the physical cause of this Primitive Impulse?” Is it in its nature and mode of operation a simple Force, or Cause? Does it fulfil the condition of Newton's First Rule of Philosophy? Perht which may be made the basis of its analysis

Astronomers tell us that there are in existenceiht and heat

Now the question I wish to ask regarding Primitive Impulse in relation to all these stars is this: ”Was the Primitive Impulse imparted to each sun, and star, and planet, separately and distinctly?” If so, then there must have been just as many Primitive Impulses as there are stars and suns and planets, and there would be according to a certain astronomer's estimate at least 800,000,000 Priether opposed to, and violates the First Rule of Philosophy

If, on the other hand, it is affirmed that they all received their motion at one and the same time, then I ask: ”What was the physical cause and method adopted to communicate the iiven, that it was by Universal Gravitation, I have two objections to ether inoperative without the Primitive Impulse, otheras it conceived? and secondly, what is the physical cause of Gravitation?

Again, scientists infor, that stars and suns are still being formed in the universe, and that there are certain distinctive phenoo to prove that statement Now, if that be true, and I believe it to be true, I wish to ask if the Priested by Newton, is applicable to the stars and suns already in process of formation in the various nebulae? and, if so, at what point in the star's history or development is that Impulse applied?

Personally, I cannot conceive of the Great Creator of all things being so lacking in inventive genius, if I may reverently use that teriven to every separate star, or sun, as each one is created or forress and development of the universe of worlds

I would much rather believe that which I hold to be the correct explanation, viz that He has given to a certain fundamental and primordial h which are originated and perpetuated, all the motions of the heavenly bodies already existent in the universe, or that are ever likely to be existent throughout all time

The question of separate Primitive Iruous and inadmissible, as we consider it in its application to such small bodies as meteors and planetoids Is it not contrary to our fundamental principles of Philosophy, that a separate Impulse should be necessary for all shout the solar system, not to speak of the universe of which that system forms a part? Such a conception as Priether opposed to one's idea of that sie, and violates the first rule of our philosophical reasoning, and for this reason must be rejected from the System of Philosophy to be propounded in this work

ART 10 _Centripetal Force_--Let us now look at the Centripetal Force, and ask ourselves what is meant by such a force, and what is itsCentripetal Force, strictly, may be defined as that force which is always exerted towards the centre of the attracting body

Taking the earth as an exaravity of bodies arises froravitation towards several parts of the earth; yet, because this power acts always towards the centre of gravity of the earth, it is therefore called the Centripetal Force

This force, then, is that part of the Law of Gravitation which corresponds to the Attraction of Gravitation, and is always exerted in that straight line fro body, which joins the centres of gravity of the two bodies concerned

The combination and effect of the various forces included in the Law of Gravitation are illustrated by the familiar illustration of the ball whirled round the hand by a piece of string, or the bucket filled ater, whirled round in the sa with a ball attached to one of the ends is held firmly by the hand An impulse orcontinued by the iven to the ball by the hand represents the Pri which holds the ball to its controlling centre represents the Centripetal Force, while the opposite force on the string, which takes up the Primitive Ial Force

The conception of the Centripetal Force is therefore siathered from observation and experinetis, which tends towards the centre of the attracting body, and therefore the Centripetal Force satisfies the first two Rules of our Philosophy

Further, it adequately accounts for certain distinctive phenoh the Law of Gravitation, as, for exa of bodies to the earth, and therefore is entirely in harmony with all the requirements of those principles enunciated by Newton for the successful explanation of any pheno so, any physical cause suggested as the explanation of Gravitation ive a physical explanation of the mode and manner in which the Centripetal Force operates

The Attraction of Gravitation or the Centripetal Force, however, being, as its na power to a centre, that is, a force that is ever and ever only drawing matter to matter, or body to body, it could not of, and by itself, accomplish those necessary stellar and planetary motions by which are produced that universal order, unity and harmony which characterize the universe It is essentially in its operations and influences, a one-sided force, ever tending and influencing towards self, and therefore by itself would only be a detriment and an evil; and, unless it were accompanied by some companion or complementary and counter force, hich it acts in union and concert, and which exactly counteracts its pulling power and influence, it would soon draw star to star, and world to world, crashi+ng and heaping theether in ruinous and dire confusion So that, instead of the infinitude of worlds which now exist, which flash and sparkle in the heavens, and in their intricate, elaborate, and h the vast infinity like stately arlo in the vast abyss of space

Therefore, as soon as Sir Isaac Newton had discovered and demonstrated the existence of the power of Attraction, as represented by the Centripetal Force, and its association with the universe at large, there was seen at once the necessity of another Force, of an opposite character, which would form the companion and complementary force to Attraction; a repulsive, repellent force, one tending or repelling from a centre, so as to counterbalance the influence of the Centripetal Force which ever tends towards the centre