Part 125 (1/2)

2. For what were the following men notable: Pym; Bossuet; duke of Marlborough; Louvois; Hampden; Mazarin; William III; and Colbert?

3. Explain and ill.u.s.trate the following terms: (a) balance of power; (b) budget system; (c) absolutism; (d) writ of _habeas corpus_; (e) militarism; (f) ”s.h.i.+p money,” and (g) Star Chamber.

4. Compare the theory of the divine right of kings with the medieval theory of the papal supremacy.

5. In what European countries do kings still rule by divine right?

6. What is the essential distinction between a ”limited” or ”const.i.tutional” monarchy and an ”absolute” or ”autocratic” monarchy?

7. Why is it very desirable for the United States to adopt the budget system?

8. After what French king was Louisiana named?

9. Why did the French language in the seventeenth century become the language of fas.h.i.+on and diplomacy? Is this still the case?

10. ”The age of Louis XIV in France is worthy to stand by the side of the age of Pericles in Greece and of Augustus in Italy.” Does this statement appear to be justified?

11. How does the preservation of the balance of power help to explain the Great European War?

12. By reference to the map on page 699 show how far the ”natural boundaries” of France were attained during the reign of Louis XIV.

13. How did the condition of Germany after 1648 A.D. facilitate the efforts of Louis XIV to extend the French frontiers to the Rhine?

14. Show that in the Peace of Utrecht nearly all the contestants profited at the expense of Spain.

15. Explain: ”Rump Parliament”; ”Pride's Purge”; the ”New Model”; the ”Ironsides”; ”Cavalier”; and ”Roundhead.”

16. What circ.u.mstances gave rise to (a) the Pet.i.tion of Right; (b) the Inst.i.tute of Government; (c) the Habeas Corpus Act; and (d) the Bill of Rights?

17. Why were the reformers within the Church of England called ”Puritans”?

18. Contrast the Commonwealth as a national republic with the Athenian and Roman city-states, the medieval Italian cities, the Swiss Confederation, and the United Netherlands.

19. Under what circ.u.mstances does the Const.i.tution of the United States provide for the suspension of the writ of _habeas corpus_?

20. Why has the Bill of Rights been called the ”third great charter of English liberty”?

21. Show that the revolution of 1688 A.D. was a ”preserving” and not a ”destroying” revolution.

22. How did the revolution of 1688 A.D. affect the fortunes of Louis XIV?

23. Why did it prove more difficult to establish a despotic monarchy in England than in France during the seventeenth century?

24. What is the present population of England? of ”Greater London?”

FOOTNOTES

[1] Webster, _Readings in Medieval and Modern History_, chapter xxv, ”Characters and Episodes of the Great Rebellion”; chapter xxvi, ”Oliver Cromwell”; chapter xxvii, ”English Life and Manners under the Restoration”; chapter xxviii, ”Louis XIV and his Court.”

[2] _Hamlet_, iv, Y,123.