Part 79 (1/2)

[4] The practice of primogeniture has now been abolished by the laws of the various European countries and is not recognized in the United States.

It still prevails, however, in England.

[5] Latin _h.o.m.o_, ”man.”

[6] Sir Walter Scott's novel, _Ivanhoe_ (chapter xliii), contains an account of a judicial duel.

[7] See page 326.

[8] See page 331.

[9] See the ill.u.s.trations, pages 408, 421, 422, 473.

[10] The French form of the word is _chateau_.

[11] A good example is the ”White Tower,” which forms a part of the Tower of London. It was built by William the Conqueror. See the ill.u.s.tration, page 498.

[12] See page 560.

[13] Malory, _Morte d'Arthur_, xxi, 13. See also Tennyson's poem, _Sir Galahad_, for a beautiful presentation of the ideal knight.

[14] Sir Walter Scott's novel, _Ivanhoe_ (chapter xii), contains a description of a tournament.

[15] _Don Quixote_, by the Spanish writer, Cervantes (1547-1616 A.D.), is a famous satire on chivalry. Our American ”Mark Twain” also stripped off the gilt and tinsel of chivalry in his amusing story ent.i.tled _A Connecticut Yankee at the Court of King Arthur_.

[16] See page 208.

[17] According to Domesday Book (see page 499) there were 9250 manors, of which William the Conqueror possessed 1422. His manors lay in about thirty counties.

[18] This ”open field” system of agriculture, as it is usually called, still survives in some parts of Europe. See the plan of Hitchin Manor, page 435.

[19] See page 581-582.

[20] See page 612.

CHAPTER XIX

THE PAPACY AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, 962-1273 A.D. [1]

159. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH

THE ROMAN CHURCH

A preceding chapter dealt with the Christian Church in the East and West during the early Middle Ages. We learned something about its organization, belief, and wors.h.i.+p, about the rise and growth of the Papacy, about monasticism, and about that missionary campaign which won all Europe to Christianity. Our narrative extended to the middle of the eleventh century, when the quarrel between pope and patriarch led at length to the disruption of Christendom. We have now to consider the work and influence of the Roman Church during later centuries of the Middle Ages.

TERRITORIAL EXTENT OF THE CHURCH

The Church at the height of its power held spiritual sway over all western Europe. Italy and Sicily, the larger part of Spain, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, British Isles, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Iceland yielded obedience to the pope of Rome.