Part 12 (1/2)
There is no doubt that these references point out the work of the Reformation which broke the power of Rome's universal supremacy and her long reign of tyranny over the earth. Humanism, discovery of the art of printing, the revival of learning, and other causes contributed to this result. But the real revolt came in 1517, when Luther in Saxony nailed to the church door in Wittenberg his ninety five theses against the papal traffic in indulgences. The Reformers made their appeal from the decisions of Councils to the inspired Word of G.o.d, and this was the secret of their success. With wonderful power and boldness they proclaimed truth that had been neglected or discredited for ages. The holy fire spread over Western Europe. Men became agitated as if moved by a mighty unseen power, until the papacy was shaken from end to end.
[Sidenote: Protestantism in prophecy]
We regret that the true work of reformation did not long continue.
A.D. 1530 marks a new epoch--the rise of organized Protestantism; marks the end of the 1,260-year period, and the introduction of another ecclesiastical power. The historian D'Aubigne recognizes the distinction between the Reformation as such and organized Protestantism. In his well-known work, History of the Reformation, he says: ”The first two books of this volume contained the most important epochs of the Reformation--the Protest of Spires and the Confession of Augsburg.... I determined on bringing the reformation of Germany and German-Switzerland to the _decisive epochs_ of 1530 and 1531. The History of the Reformation, properly so-called, is then in my opinion almost complete in those countries. The work of faith has there attained its apogee: that of conferences, of interims, of diplomacy begins.... The movement of the sixteenth century has there made its effort. I said from the very first, It is the History of the Reformation, and not of Protestantism, that I am relating.”--Preface to Volume IV.
Protestantism, then, is to be distinguished from the Reformation.
Considering its prominence in the ecclesiastical world, we should naturally expect to find it represented in the symbols of the Revelation. Strangely enough, few commentators ever make the least effort to identify Protestantism with any of the symbols of this book.
Mohammedanism is there; Paganism is there; _the true church_ is there, and, it is universally admitted, _the false church_ is there.
Therefore, whether Protestantism be true or false, _it_ must be there, but where?
The application of the first beast of Revelation 13 to the papacy has been so clearly established that the point is well-nigh indisputable.
The period of its universal supremacy is clearly limited to the 1,260 years. And everyone knows that it was the sixteenth century reformation that ended that period of tyranny. We have shown that that period ends with A.D. 1530. The prophecy immediately following describes Protestantism in these words:
[Sidenote: The two-horned beast]
”And I beheld another beast coming up out of the earth; and he had two horns like a lamb, and he spake as a dragon. And he exerciseth all the power of the first beast before him, and causeth the earth and them which dwell therein to wors.h.i.+p the first beast, whose deadly wound was healed. And he doeth great wonders, so that he maketh fire come down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men, and deceiveth them that dwell on the earth by the means of those miracles which he had power to do in the sight of the beast; saying to them that dwell on the earth, that they should make an image to the beast, which had the wound by a sword, and did live. And he had power to give life unto the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak, and cause that as many as would not wors.h.i.+p the image of the beast should be killed. And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads: and that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six” (Rev. 13: 11-18).
Protestant commentators generally apply both the ten-horned beast and the two-horned beast to Rome, the first representing the political power, and the second the ecclesiastical power. But this position, while clearing Protestantism of any moral stigma, is such a manifest violation of the laws of symbolic language and the general principles of Scriptural interpretation that I marvel that any critical thinker could decide to adopt it. The two beasts are especially distinguished, and in each case the symbol is complete. The first beast combines with its beastly characteristics the qualities of the human, as did the little horn of Daniel 7, thus clearly and positively representing _both the political and the ecclesiastical dominion_ of Rome. It is the human characteristics that const.i.tute the leading feature of the terrible work ascribed to the first beast; therefore, the papacy _as a religious power_ is particularly intended. Hence the second beast can not be intended to represent the ecclesiastical phase of Rome. Notice, also, that the symbol of the second beast is likewise complete in itself--animal and human--thus embracing both the political and the ecclesiastical. _Another system totally distinct from the first is therefore represented._
I call attention to certain distinct points proving that these two beasts are not identical or simultaneous:
1. The first is spoken of as ”a beast”; the second is called ”another beast.”
2. The first came up from the sea; the second came out of the earth.
3. The first was like a leopard; the second was like a lamb.
4. The first had ten horns signifying ten temporal kingdoms; the second had two horns, referring to but two temporal powers that supported it.
5. The first blasphemed G.o.d and his tabernacle, and was therefore antichrist; the second claimed to be the true prophet of G.o.d and brought down ”fire from heaven” to attest his claim, but he was in reality a ”false prophet” (chap. 16:13; 19:20).
6. The first obtained his power and authority from the dragon which preceded him; while the second derived his power from the ten-horned beast ”before him.”
7. The first caused people to wors.h.i.+p the preceding power styled ”the dragon”; while the second caused people to ”wors.h.i.+p the first beast.”
8. The first was to continue 1,260 years; while the reign of the second is not here stated, but is covered in a parallel prophecy to which we shall refer later.
The first beast came up out of the sea, which signifies the empire in an agitated state; and it is a fact of history that the ten kingdoms came up through great political convulsions. The empire was in a state of comparative quiet, however, when the second beast ”_came up out of the earth_.” This beast stands as the symbol of Protestantism in Europe, although his power and influence was afterwards to extend to ”the whole world” (chap. 16:14). But this beast existed first on the same territory occupied by the papacy; therefore the two horns doubtless signify temporal kingdoms also, and two of the original ten. The two nations first to turn violently against the papacy and to become the chief supporters and defenders of Protestantism were Germany and England.
It is evident that the second beast of Revelation 13 was not to be such a terrible power politically as was the first beast, for it is described merely as having ”two horns _like a lamb_.” But as soon as we enter the department to which _speaking_ by a.n.a.logy refers us, we find him to be a great religious power, and it is in this character alone that he is delineated in the remainder of the chapter. That his religious power is his leading characteristic is further proved by the fact that in every subsequent reference he is styled the ”false prophet” (chap. 16:13; 19:20; 20:10). Every reference which I give to the second beast must therefore be understood as signifying the religious system known as Protestantism.
This beast was to exercise great power--”all the power of the first beast before him.” By this expression we are to understand that Protestantism was to exert a universal influence; that it was to become a leading factor in the world's history, as was Romanism before it. This has already been fulfilled. The leading nations of the world today, the nations that have contributed most to the development of modern civilization and to the light and progress of the age, are Protestant nations. Those countries that have retained the yoke of Romanism are still withering under its blighting influence.
It is said that this beast causes people to ”wors.h.i.+p the first beast.”
This is parallel to the statement that during the reign of the first beast the people ”wors.h.i.+ped the dragon,” which in reality preceded it. I have shown that the devotees of Romanism wors.h.i.+ped the dragon by perpetuating in their religious ceremonies and wors.h.i.+p the practises of paganism. Likewise Protestants have brought over and incorporated in their religious system doctrines, rites, and ceremonies that originated in Romanism; and in this respect they wors.h.i.+p the first beast, even in the very act of rendering service to their own system.
Such doctrines as infantile d.a.m.nation, sprinkling for baptism, the eternal destruction of all those who are outside the pales of the church, infant baptism, and other things are all children of the apostasy originating in Rome. The Romish Church possesses a human ecclesiastical heads.h.i.+p and an earthly government ruling in the place of Christ, and Protestants make an ”image” to this beast by building their sects in imitation--sects made and ruled by men. To these they attach their own names and the distinctive creeds and doctrines of men, and thus their devotees receive the ”mark” and ”name” of the beast.
At this point we must make a distinction which, being true in the facts of history, must necessarily be intended in the symbolic representation. This beast was to bring down ”fire from heaven.”