Part 3 (1/2)
[Overview]
The first electronic versions of print newspapers were available in the early 1990s through commercial services like Aazines began creating their oebsites to offer a partial or full version of their latest issue - available freely or through subscription (free or paid) - with online archives In Europe, the Times and the Sunday Times set up a common website called Times Online, with a way to create a personalized edition The weekly publication The Economist also went online in UK, as well as the weekly Focus and the weekly Der Spiegel in Germany, the daily Le Monde and daily Liberation in France, and the daily El Pais in Spain The coically online as well, like the monthly Wired, created in 1992 in California to cover cyberculture as ”the arde of the 21st century”, or ZDNet, another leading coazines were also created
[In Depth (published in 1999)]
The first electronic versions of newspapers were available in the early 1990s through commercial services like America Online or Coan to create websites to offer the full version of their latest issue - available freely or through subscription (free or paid) - which was then archived online
There were also heated debates on copyright issues for articles posted on the web More and azines were created
In 1996, the New York Tie It included the contents of the daily newspaper, breaking news updates every tenavailable only online The Washi+ngton Post site provided the daily news online, with a full database of articles including ies, sound and video
In Europe, the Times and the Sunday Times set up a common website called Times Online, with the possibility to create a personalized edition The respected Economist was also available online, as were the French daily newspapers Le Monde and Liberation, the Spanish daily newspaper El Pais or the Gerel
The computer press went online as well First the monthly Wired, created in 1992 in California to focus on cyberculture and be the arde of the 21st century Then ZDNet, a azines
Behind the news, the as providing a whole encyclopedia to help us understand the instant access to a wealth of inforraphical notes, official texts, political and economic data, audiovisual and video data); speed in inforraphic archives; links to articles, archives and data on the saine to browse articles by date, author, title, subject, etc
Fro the internet as a cheap way to get published John Labovitz launched The E-Zine-List in Summer 1993 to list electronic zines (e-zines) around the world, the ones that were accessible via the web, FTP, gopher, email, and other services The list was updated monthly
What exactly is a zine? John Labovitz explained on his website: ”For those of you not acquainted with the zine world, 'zine' is short for either 'fanzine' or 'enerally produced by one person or a sroup of people, done often for fun or personal reasons, and tend to be irreverent, bizarre, and/or esoteric Zines are not 'enerally do not contain advertisements (except, soeted towards a enerally not produced to make a profit An 'e-zine'
is a zine that is distributed partially or solely on electronic networks like the internet”
3,045 zines were listed on November 29, 1998 John wrote on his website: ”Now the e-zine world is different The nu out of the FTP and Gopher orks to declaring the for financial support through advertising Even the term 'e-zine' has been co-opted by the commercial world, and has come to mean nearly any type of publication distributed electronically Yet there is still the original, independent fringe, who continue to publish from their heart, or push the boundaries of e call a 'zine'” John stopped updating his list a few years later
1996: INTERNET ARCHIVE
[Overview]
Founded in April 1996 by Brewster Kahle, the Internet Archive is a non-profit organization that built an ”internet library” to offer perital format for researchers, historians and scholars An archive of the web is stored every two es stored, the Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine, for users to be able to surf the archive of the web by date In 2004, there were 300 terabytes of data, with a growth of 12 terabytes per es from 50 million websites In late 1999, the Internet Archive also started to include es on specific topics It also becae and video content In October 2005, the Internet Archive launched the Open Content Alliance (OCA) with other contributors as a collective effort to build a peritized text (Text Archive) and multimedia content
1996: NEW WAYS OF TEACHING
[Overview]
With more and more computers available in schools and at hoan exploring neays of teaching Going fro their relationshi+p to knowledge, and the way both scholars and students were seeing teaching and learning Print book culture provided stable infor” infor of IFIP (International Federation of Inforave a lecture about Creativity and the Cohtful co trends