Part 37 (1/2)
_h_ as _ch_ in Scotch _loch_.
_hs_. A slight aspirate preceding and modifying the sibilant, which is, however, the stronger of the two consonants; _e.g. hsing_ = _hissing_ without the first _i_,
_j_. Nearly the French _j_ in _jaune_; the English _s_ in _fusion_.
_k_. _c_ in _car_, _k_ in _king_; but when following other sounds often softened to _g_ in _go, gate_.
_k'_. The aspirate as in _ch'_. _Ki_ck-ha_rd_ without the italicized letters = _k'a_; and _ki_ck-he_r_ == _k'e_.
_l_ as in English.
_m_ as in English.
_n_ as in English.
_ng_. The italicized letters in the French mo_n ga_lant = _nga_; mo_n gai_llard = _ngai_; so_n go_sier = _ngo_.
_p_ as in English.
_p'_ The Irish p.r.o.nunciation of _p_arty, _p_arliament. _Sla_p-ha_rd_ without the italicized letters = _p'a_.
_s_ as in English.
_sh_ as in English.
_ss_. Only in _ssu_. The object of employing _ss_ is to fix attention on the peculiar vowel-sound _u_ (see above).
_t_ as in English.
_t'_ The Irish _t_ in _t_orment. _Hi_t-ha_rd_ without the italicized letters = _t'a_.
_ts_ as in _jetsam_; after another word softened to _ds_ in _gladsome_.
_ts'._ The aspirate intervening, as in _ch'_, etc. _Be_ts-ha_rd_ without the italicized letters = _ts'a_.
_tz_. Employed to mark the peculiarity of the final _u_; hardly of greater power than _ts_.
_tz'_ like _ts'_. This, _tz_, and _ss_ used only before _u_.
_w_ as in English; but very faint, or even non-existent, before _u_.
_y_ as in English; but very faint before _i_ or _u_.
Tone
The correct p.r.o.nunciation of the sound (_yin_) is not sufficient to make a Chinese spoken word intelligible. Unless the tone (_sheng_), or musical note, is simultaneously correctly given, either the wrong meaning or no meaning at all will be conveyed. The tone is the key in which the voice is pitched. Accent is a 'song added to,' and tone is emphasized accent. The number of these tones differs in the different dialects. In Pekingese there are now four. They are best indicated in transliteration by numbers added to the sound, thus: